Scheduling Tips for Overrunning Tasks

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Your Questions, Our Answers!

Q: Often I schedule time for things, but the task takes longer than I think, or multiplies while I’m doing it, and then my schedule gets thrown out. Any ideas?

A: A relatable struggle! Happily, there are remedies:

  • Does the task really absolutely need to be finished today? If not, just continue it in scheduled timeslots until it’s completed.
  • Some tasks do indeed need to be finished today (hi, writer of a daily newsletter here!), so it can be useful to have an idea of how long things really take, in advance. While new tasks can catch us unawares, recurring or similar-to-previous tasks can be estimated based on how long they took previously. For this reason, we recommend doing a time audit every now and again, to see how you really use your time.
  • A great resource that you should include in your schedule is a “spare” timeslot, ideally at least one per day. Call it a “buffer” or a “backup” or whatever (in my schedule it’s labelled “discretionary”), but the basic idea is that it’s a scheduled timeslot with nothing scheduled in it, and it works as an “overflow” catch-all.

Additionally:

  • You can usually cut down the time it takes you to do tasks by setting “Deep Work” rules for yourself. For example: cut out distractions, single-task, work in for example 25-minute bursts with 5-minute breaks, etc
  • You can also usually cut down the time it takes you to do tasks by making sure you’re prepared for them. Not just task-specific preparation, either! A clear head on, plenty of energy, the resources you’ll need (including refreshments!) to hand, etc can make a huge difference to efficiency.

See Also: Time Optimism and the Planning Fallacy

Do you have a question you’d like to see answered here? Hit reply or use the feedback widget at the bottom; we’d love to hear from you!

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  • The Midlife Cyclist – by Phil Cavell

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    Whether stationary cycling in your living room, or competing in the Tour de France, there’s a lot more to cycling than “push the pedals”—if you want to get good benefits and avoid injury, in any case.

    This book explores the benefits of different kinds of cycling, the biomechanics of various body positions, and the physiology of different kinds of performance, and the impact these things have on everything from your joints to your heart to your telomeres.

    The style is very much conversational, with science included, and a readiness to acknowledge in cases where the author is guessing or going with a hunch, rather than something being well-evidenced. This kind of honesty is always good to see, and it doesn’t detract from where the science is available and clear.

    One downside for some readers will be that while Cavell does endeavour to cover sex differences in various aspects of how they relate to the anatomy and physiology (mostly: the physiology) of cycling, the book is written from a male perspective and the author clearly understands that side of things better. For other readers, of course, this will be a plus.

    Bottom line: if you enjoy cycling, or you’re thinking of taking it up but it seems a bit daunting because what if you do it wrong and need a knee replacement in a few years or what if you hurt your spine or something, then this is the book to set your mind at ease, and put you on the right track.

    Click here to check out The Midlife Cyclist, and enjoy the cycle of life!

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  • Fasting Cancer – by Dr. Valter Longo

    10almonds is reader-supported. We may, at no cost to you, receive a portion of sales if you purchase a product through a link in this article.

    We’ve previously reviewed Dr. Longo’s “The Longevity Diet”, and whereas that one was about eating, this one is (superficially, at least) about not eating. Nor is this any kind of dissonance, because, in fact, it’s important to do both!

    That said, he discusses not just fasting per se, but also the use of a personalized fast-mimicking diet, to accomplish the same goal of not overloading the metabolism—as overloading the metabolism results in metabolic disease, and cancer is, ultimately, a metabolic disease of immune dysfunction with genetic disorder*—which makes for quite a deadly trifecta.

    *not in the sense of “hereditary”, though certainly genes can influence cancer risk, but rather, in the sense of “your gene-copying process becomes disordered”.

    The first three chapters (after the introduction, which we’ll comment on shortly) are devoted to explaining the principles at hand:

    1. Fasting cancer while feeding patients
    2. Genes, aging, and cancer
    3. Fasting, nutrition, and physical activity in cancer prevention

    In those chapters, he details a lot of the science for exactly how and why it is possible to “feed the patient and starve the cancer” at the same time.

    After that, the rest of the book—another nine chapters, not counting appendices etc—are given over to fasting and nutrition in the context of nine main types of cancer, one chapter per type. These are not hyperspecific, though, and are rather categorizations, such as “blood cancers”, and “gynecological cancers” and so forth. It’s comprehensive, and while it could be argued that it may mean chapters feel irrelevant to some people (à la “I have never smoked and have no pressing concern about my lung cancer risk” etc), the reality is that it’s good to know how to avoid them all, because if nothing else, it’d be super embarrassing to get a cancer you “thought you couldn’t get”. So, it’s honestly worth the time to read each chapter.

    In the category of criticism, he did open the introduction with a handful of anecdotes to defend the consumption of (well-established group 1 carcinogens) red meat and alcohol as “secondary concerns that might not be such a big deal”, even discussing how surprised his colleagues in the field are that he has this view. Suffice it to say, it’s contrary to the overwhelming body of evidence, and reads suspiciously like a man who simply doesn’t want to give up his steak and wine despite his own longevity diet forswearing them.

    The style is self-indulgently autobiographical and very complimentary, and (in this reviewer’s opinion) it can be tedious to wade through that to get to the science, but at the end of the day, his self-accolades might be needless fluff, but they don’t actually remove anything from the science in question.

    Bottom line: as you can see, there are good and bad things to say about this book, but the information contained in the good makes it well worth reading through the stylistically questionable to get it.

    Click here to check out Fasting Cancer, and starve cancer cells while nourishing your healthy ones!

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  • Sleeping on Your Back after 50; Yea or Nay?

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    Sleeping Differently After 50

    Sleeping is one of those things that, at any age, can be hard to master. Some of our most popular articles have been on getting better sleep, and effective sleep aids, and we’ve had a range of specific sleep-related questions, like whether air purifiers actually improve your sleep.

    But perhaps there’s an underlying truth hidden in our opening sentence…is sleeping consistently difficult because the way we sleep should change according to our age?

    Inspired by Brad and Mike’s video below (which was published to their 5 million+ subscribers!), there are 4 main elements to consider when sleeping on your back after you’ve hit the 50-year mark:

    1. Degenerative Disk Disease: As you age, your spine may start to show signs of wear and tear, which directly affects comfort while lying on your back.
    2.  Sleep Apnea and Snoring: Sleep Apnea and snoring become more of an issue with age, and sleeping on your back can exacerbate these problems; when you sleep on your back, the soft tissues in your throat, as well as your tongue, “fall back” and partly obstruct your the airway.
    3.  Spinal Stenosis: Spinal Stenosis–the often-age-related narrowing of your spinal canal–can put pressure on the nerves that travel through the spine, which equally makes back-sleeping harder.
    4.  GERD: The all-too-familiar gastroesophageal reflux disease can be more problematic when lying flat on your back, as doing so can allow easy access for stomach acid to move upwards.

    Alternatives to Back Sleeping

    Referencing the Mayo Clinic’s Sleep Facility’s director, Dr. Virend Somers, today’s video suggests a simple solution: sleeping on your side. The video goes into a bit more detail but, as you know, here at 10almonds we like to cut to the chase. 

    Modifications for Back Sleeping

    If you’re a lifelong back-sleeping and cannot bear the idea of changing to your side, or your stomach, then there are a few modifications that you can make to ease any pain and discomfort.

    Most solutions revolve around either leg wedges or pillow adjustments. For instance, if you’re suffering from back pain, try propping your knees up. Or if GERD is your worst enemy, a wedge pillow could help keep that acid down.

    As can be expected, the video dives into more detail:

    How was the video? If you’ve discovered any great videos yourself that you’d like to share with fellow 10almonds readers, then please do email them to us!

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  • Delay Ageing – by Dr. Colin Rose

    10almonds is reader-supported. We may, at no cost to you, receive a portion of sales if you purchase a product through a link in this article.

    Note: the title is spelled that way because it is British English. We generally write in US English here at 10almonds, but we’ll first quote directly from Dr. Rose as written:

    ❝I have written Delay Ageing because there is some very important recent University research on ageing and age related illness that deserves to be made accessible to a general audience.❞

    What is this research? Well, there’s quite a lot over its 300-odd pages (exact number depends on the edition and whether we count end matter), and most of it is tweaks and refinements on things with which you’ll probably be at least brushingly familiar if you’re a regular 10almonds reader.

    Dr. Rose addresses the nine hallmarks of aging, of which there are ten, ranging from such things as “telomeres get shorter” and “DNA accumulates damage”, to “stem cells become exhausted” and “cells fail to communicate properly”, and asks the question “what if we were to target all these things simultaneously?”.

    Rather than going for drugs on drugs on drugs (half of them to deal with undesired side effects of the previous ones), Dr. Cole leaves no stone unturned to find lifestyle interventions that will improve each of these, even if just a little. Because, all those “little” improvements add up and even compound, and on the flipside, mean that factors of aging aren’t adding up and compounding so much or so quickly anymore.

    The rather broad umbrella of “lifestyle interventions” obviously includes food under its auspices, and with it, nutraceuticals. So to give one example, if you’re taking a fisetin supplement (a natural senolytic agent), you’ll find science vindicating that here. And much more.

    The style is… Less pop-science and more “textbook written for laypersons”, and you may be thinking “isn’t that the same?” and the difference is that the textbook has a lot less polish and finesse, but often more precise information.

    Bottom line: if you’d like to combat aging on 10 different fronts with easily implementable lifestyle interventions, and know exactly what is doing what and how, then this is the book for you.

    Click here to check out Delay Ageing, and delay aging!

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  • How Useful Is “Exercise Snacking”, Really?

    10almonds is reader-supported. We may, at no cost to you, receive a portion of sales if you purchase a product through a link in this article.

    “Exercise snacking” refers to doing a very small amount of exercise at a time.

    For example, there was an article: Want the health benefits of strength training but not keen on the gym? Try “exercise snacking”

    Which may well prompt you to wonder: what’s the minimum that still has benefits?

    Let’s HIIT it!

    We’ve talked before about High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT):

    How To Do HIIT (Without Wrecking Your Body) ← important, because the “high-intensity” part can cause problems for some people, if not undertaken attentively

    Which can further be expanded to: HIIT, But Make It HIRT ← high-intensity resistance training, undertaken per HIIT principles

    Now, HIIT is usually done in one of two ways:

    1. One minute intensive exercise, one minute rest, repeat
    2. Continual moderate exercise, with periodic one-minute intense bursts

    There are other protocols, but those are most common. If you’re curious about optimization, by the way, check out: 53 Studies Later: The Best Way to Improve VO2 Max

    …which yielded neither of the above, but rather:

    1. 15×15 Interval Training: 15 seconds sprint (90–95% max heart rate) + 15 seconds active rest (70% max heart rate), repeated 47 times.
    2. 4×4 Interval Training: 4 minutes sprint (90–95% max heart rate) + 3 minutes active rest (70% max heart rate), repeated 4 times.

    (see the above link for more details)

    However!

    Scientists have now examined what would happen if we just do 1 minute of intense exercise per hour, over the course of 10 hours.

    The study

    It’s not the only thing that the researchers (Dr. Monique Francois et al.) investigated, either; they also looked at what’d happen if you just did 2.5 minutes of moderate exercise per hour, for 12 hours.

    The protocols:

    • High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): 1 minute on a treadmill at 85–95% of maximum heartrate on a treadmill, once per hour for 10 hours, on alternate weekdays
    • Intermittent Sedentary Interruption Training (ISIT): 2.5 minutes walking, once per hour for 12 hours, each weekday
    • HIIT+ISIT (Combo): doing both of the above

    Other considerations:

    • Participants were asked to keep their daily step count under 5,000 steps per day, other than their mandated exercise
    • They wore continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), and were also tested for blood flow, arterial stiffness, and cardiorespiratory fitness

    What they found:

    • Blood flow improved significantly after the combination of both protocols
    • VO2 max improved significantly after the combination of both protocols
    • VO2 max improved significantly, but more modestly, after the HIIT-only protocol compared to ISIT only
    • There were no significant differences in blood glucose or arterial stiffness

    The latter is reasonable, given it was quite a short intervention (two weeks).

    Limitations:

    This was not only a short study, but this was also very small (n=11). However, we’re not going to write it off based on the small size of the study, because the method was good (if you read the paper below, you’ll see what we mean), and this effectively means the equivalent of 11 case studies that agree with each other—which starts to look like a trend that’s at least worth attention.

    Of course, we would love to see the experiment repeated with a larger sample (and indeed, the researchers themselves call for this too).

    You can read the paper in its entirety here:

    Low-intensity activity breaks combined with alternate day interval training mitigate cardiovascular effects of sedentary behavior

    In summary

    In short: it helps!

    Breaking up prolonged periods of sitting is very important for health, and/but actually exerting one’s heart, even if just for one minute per hour, over the course of 10 hours, 3x per week, makes a significant difference to cardiovascular health.

    Want to learn more?

    Check out:

    Stand Up For Your Health (Or Don’t) ← this is about reducing the damage done by sitting, including if for whatever reason you have to spend a lot of time sitting, including if you physically cannot stand and/or cannot walk.

    Take care!

    Don’t Forget…

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  • Are Processed Foods Really Addictive?

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    It’s Q&A Day at 10almonds!

    Have a question or a request? We love to hear from you!

    In cases where we’ve already covered something, we might link to what we wrote before, but will always be happy to revisit any of our topics again in the future too—there’s always more to say!

    No question/request too big or small 😎

    ❝Is it true that processed foods are addictive, or is it just a craving that can be overcome with a little more willpower?❞

    Short answer: yes and yes

    Longer answer:

    The two are very closely related, since the mechanisms of cravings and the mechanisms of addiction share some overlaps, usually in reward processing in the brain (e.g. dopamine metabolism), and/or sometimes to do with opioid receptors. There is also in both cases (often, but not always) the issue of tolerance/desensitization and thus a need for more of the same thing to get the same biochemical result as one enjoyed previously from a lower amount, and/or (in some cases) that the effects will be increasingly short-lived.

    Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have a well-earned bad reputation. And yet, most of us still consume at least some, and many people meet the criteria for ultra-processed food addiction.

    Now, some UPFs are healthy in moderation. See for example: Not all ultra-processed foods are bad for your health, whatever you might have heard

    But we said the bad reputation was well-deserved, and that was true. Most UPFs have a single goal, and that goal isn’t to enrich your health (it’s to increase the company’s profit margin).

    They generally do this by:

    • Reducing the costs of production by using more shelf-stable ingredients
    • Reducing loss of products at the retail stage (many ultra-processed products can be sold tomorrow or next week or next month, while raspberries need to be sold by half past four at the latest, for example, or else they must be heavily reduced in price, and then often thrown out)
    • Increasing sales by including high amounts of ingredients that trigger addiction mechanisms (e.g. sugar, salt, fat—which yes, we need all of those things in moderation, but these foods often contain megadoses)

    That latter one answers your question; to learn more about the biochemistry and neurochemistry of it, see for example: Diet, Drugs, and Dopamine – by Dr. David Kessler

    Or if you’re not up for reading a whole book, then perhaps our main feature: The Not-So-Sweet Science Of Sugar Addiction ← this is really just about sugar, but similar mechanisms exist for fat, and to a lesser degree, salt.

    Where the science stands

    This one’s not controversial. Let’s pick out some spotlight studies…

    ❝Highly processed foods (HPFs) can meet the criteria to be labeled as addictive substances using the standards set for tobacco products. The addictive potential of HPFs may be a key factor contributing to the high public health costs associated with a food environment dominated by cheap, accessible and heavily marketed HPFs.❞

    ~ Dr. Ashley Gearhardt & Dr. Alexandra DiFeliceantonio

    Source: Highly processed foods can be considered addictive substances based on established scientific criteria

    ❝Ultra-processed food addiction appears to be prevalent among older adults in the United States, particularly among women who were in adolescence and early adulthood when the nutrient quality of the US food supply worsened. Addictive patterns of UPF intake appear to be associated with poorer physical health, mental health, and social well-being.❞

    ~ Dr. Lucy Loch et al.

    Source: Ultra-processed food addiction in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the USA

    ❝That certain foods can trigger addictive behavior consistent with substance-use disorders (SUDs) is accepted by many addiction scientists and supported by evidence of neurobiological overlap with the brain circuits and molecular targets implicated in ‘classical’ drug addictions❞

    ~ Dr. Erica LaFata et al.

    Source: Now is the time to recognize and respond to addiction to ultra-processed foods

    Want to improve your own dietary habits?

    First, it’s good to be well-informed. Reading 10almonds is a great start! Of course, we can’t cover every product in your local supermarket though, so check out this:

    How Processed Is The Food You Buy, Really? ← includes a huge, free database!

    If you prefer a short hit-list, then here you go: Top 10 Unhealthy Foods: How Many Do You Eat?

    And if you know which UPFs you want to cut out, but knowing isn’t the problem, then here’s our main feature on how to do that: When It’s More Than “Just” Cravings: How To Beat Food Addictions!

    Want to learn more?

    You might like this book we reviewed a little while back:

    Ultra-Processed People: The Science Behind The Food That Isn’t Food – by Dr. Chris van Tulleken

    …and/or as a next step,

    Unprocess Your Life: Break Free From Ultra-Processed Foods For Good – by Rob Hobson ← Rob Hobson is not a doctor, but he is a nutritionist with half the alphabet after his name (BSc, PGDip, MSc, AFN, SENR) and decades of experience in the field.

    Take care!

    Don’t Forget…

    Did you arrive here from our newsletter? Don’t forget to return to the email to continue learning!

    Learn to Age Gracefully

    Join the 98k+ American women taking control of their health & aging with our 100% free (and fun!) daily emails: