Margarine & Your Heart

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Whether butter or margarine are healthier has been a debate that has raged since the invention of margarine.

Before 2015, when margarines were filled with now-banned trans fats, that was a strong reason to opt for butter.

For more information on that, see: A Word About Trans-Fatty Acids (TFAs)when you click this one, you’ll need to scroll down slightly for the bit about trans fats.

Nowadays, the macronutrient/lipid profiles are generally more similar (although margarine usually has less saturated fat), except one thing that butter has in its favor: more micronutrients. What exactly they are (and how much) depends a lot on the diet and general health of the cows* from whom the milk to make the butter came, but they’re not something found in plant-based butter alternatives at this time.

*It is easy to think “yes, but grass-fed happy cows who skip gaily through the meadows during the day and the farmer tucks them into bed at night etc produce the best milk, and therefore the best butter”, and that is notionally true (if you’ll pardon the exaggeration of the scene). However…. Most people with a) completely forget about that when shopping b) easily fall for greenwashing; if there’s a picture of a meadow on the packet, it must be well-sourced, right? The truth is that almost all dairy produce in N. America comes from factory farms, so assume it’s that unless you see strong evidence to the contrary.

See also: What Health Difference Does Pasture-Raised Beef Actually Make? ← the answer is: negligible difference to the meat, though it does improve the micronutrient profiles of the dairy products.

Nevertheless, because of the saturated fat content, it’s not advisable to use more than a very small amount of either (two tablespoons of butter would put one at the daily limit already, without eating any other saturated fat that day). See also: What’s The Truth? Can Saturated Fats Be Healthy?

For more on the science of butter vs margarine, check out: Butter vs Margarine ← notwithstanding the title, this wasn’t a “This or That” article, it’s a mythbusting edition article!

The “Appeal to Nature” fallacy

Broadly speaking, it is well-established that:

  • a minimally-processed whole-foods plant-based diet is a very healthful way of eating for most* people
  • a diet high in ultra-processed foods is almost** always terrible for the health

*See: Do We Need Animal Products To Be Healthy? ← for most people no, for some, yes

**There is nuance here:

And yet, sometimes what is natural is not what is healthiest, and the “appeal to nature” fallacy is what goes wrong in a person’s logic when thinking “it’s natural, so it must be healthy” or, conversely, “it’s unnatural, so it must be healthy”.

You know what else is natural? Smallpox. You know what else is unnatural? Refrigeration.

So, putting assumptions either way aside, it’s been interesting to see some recent science on margarine and similar spreads.

A team of scientists (Dr. Wendy Hall et al.), examined whether (and if so, how) industrially processed interesterified (IE) fats—common in margarines, spreads, and bakery foods—affect heart health.

Specifically, IE fats rich in palmitic acid (from palm oil) and stearic acid (from other plant sources) were compared as substitutes for trans fats and animal fats.

What they checked for: cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity, liver fat, inflammation, and blood vessel function were all assessed, over the course of the 6-week trial (which yes, is certainly long enough to establish the impact of dietary choices on those metrics, though of course longer is always better), during which their diets were tailored to include 10% of their daily calories as the fat type being tested.

What they found: no significant differences were found between the two fat types in blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels, including the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (a key indicator of heart disease risk), and no adverse effects were observed on inflammation, insulin resistance, liver fat, or vascular function.

In the lead researcher’s own words:

❝Our findings provide reassuring evidence that industrially processed fats currently used in everyday foods, whether rich in palmitic or stearic acid, are unlikely to have harmful effects on cardiovascular health when consumed in amounts that people could achieve in their everyday diets. ❞

~ Dr. Wendy Hall, lead researcher of the study

And to quote her colleague,

❝With the current demonization of everything processed, this research highlights that not all food processing is bad for us.

The process of interesterification allows the generation of hard fats in place of harmful trans fats, while also enabling manufacturers to reduce the saturated fat content of spreads and foods. Given the widespread use of the process of interesterification of fats and the fearmongering around food processing, this research is timely.❞

~ Dr. Sarah Berry, senior author of the study

Read in full: The effects of consumption of interesterified fats rich in palmitic acid compared with stearic acid on intermediary markers of cardiometabolic disease risk: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults

Want to learn more?

If you want to get back to basics in the healthiest way, consider expanding your knowledge of the various cooking oils at your disposal:

Butter vs Plant Oils: What The Latest Evidence Shows ← includes a stack of head-to-heads that we’ve done in our “This or That” section, plus some very strong science

Enjoy!

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  • How To Engage Your Whole Brain

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    The Stroke Of Insight That Nobody Wants

    This is Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor. She’s a neuroanatomist, who, at the age of 37 (when she was a post-doctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School), had what she refers to as her “stroke of insight”.

    That is to say, she had a massive stroke, and after a major brain surgery to remove a clot the size of a golf ball, she spent the next 8 years re-learning to do everything.

    Whereas previously she’d been busy mapping the brain to determine how cells communicate with each other, now she was busy mapping whether socks or shoes should go on first. Needless to say, she got an insight into neuroplasticity that few people would hope for.

    What does she want us to know?

    Dr. Taylor (now once again a successful scientist, lecturer, and author) advocates for “whole brain living”, which involves not taking parts of our brain for granted.

    About those parts…

    Dr. Taylor wants us to pay attention to all the parts regardless of size, ranging from the two hemispheres, all the way down to the billions of brain cells, and yet even further, to the “trillions of molecular geniuses”—because each brain cell is itself reliant on countless molecules of the many neurochemicals that make up our brain.

    For a quick refresher on some of the key players in that latter category, see our Neurotransmitter Cheatsheet 😎

    When it comes to the hemispheres, there has historically been a popular belief that these re divided into:

    • The right brain: emotional, imaginative, creative, fluid feeling
    • The left brain: intellectual, analytical, calculating, crystal thinking

    …which is not true, anatomically speaking, because there are cells on both sides doing their part of both of these broad categories of brain processes.

    However, Dr. Taylor found, while one hemisphere of her brain was much more damaged than the other, that nevertheless she could recover some functions more quickly than others, which, once she was able to resume her career, inspired her model of four distinct ways of cogitating that can be switched-between and played with or against each other:

    Meet The Four Characters Inside Your Brain

    Why this matters

    As she was re-learning everything, the way forward was not quick or easy, and she also didn’t know where she was going, because for obvious reasons, she couldn’t remember, much less plan.

    Looking backwards after her eventual full recovery, she noted a lot of things that she needed during that recovery, some of which she got and some of which she didn’t.

    Most notably for her, she needed the right kind of support that would allow all four of the above “characters” as she puts it, to thrive and grow. And, when we say “grow” here we mean that literally, because of growing new brain cells to replace the lost ones (as well as the simple ongoing process of slowly replacing brain cells).

    For more on growing new brain cells, by the way, see:

    How To Grow New Brain Cells (At Any Age)

    In order to achieve this in all of the required brain areas (i.e., and all of the required brain functions), she also wants us to know… drumroll please

    When to STFU

    Specifically, the ability to silence parts of our brain that while useful in general, aren’t necessarily being useful right now. Since it’s very difficult to actively achieve a negative when it comes to brain-stuff (don’t think of an elephant), this means scheduling time for other parts of our brain to be louder. And that includes:

    • scheduling time to feel (emotionally)
    • scheduling time to feel (gut feelings)
    • scheduling time to feel (kinesthetically)

    …amongst others.

    Note: those three are presented in that order, from least basic to most basic. And why? Because, clever beings that we are, we typically start from a position that’s not remotely basic, such as “overthinking”, for example. So, there’s a wind-down through thinking just the right amount, thinking through simpler concepts, feeling, noticing one’s feelings, noticing noticing one’s feelings, all the way down to what, kinesthetically, are we actually physically feeling.

    ❝It is interesting to note that although our limbic system fucntions throughout our lifetime, it does not mature. As a result, when our emotional “buttons” are pushed, we retain the ability to react to incoming stimulation as though we were a two-year-old, even when we are adults.❞

    ~ Dr. Jill Taylor

    Of course, sometimes the above is not useful, which is why the ability to switch between brain modes is a very important and useful skill to develop.

    And how do we do that? By practising. Which is something that it’s necessary to take up consciously, and pursue consistently. When children are at school, there are (hopefully, ideally) curricula set out to ensure they engage and train all parts of their brain. As adults, this does not tend to get the same amount of focus.

    “Children’s brains are still developing”—indeed, and so are adult brains:

    The Brain As A Work-In-Progress

    Dr. Taylor had the uncommon experience of having to, in many ways, neurologically speaking, redo childhood. And having had a second run at it, she developed an appreciation of the process that most of us didn’t necessarily get when doing childhood just the once.

    In other words: take the time to feel stuff; take the time to quiet down your chatty mind, take the time engage your senses, and take it seriously! Really notice, as though for the first time, what the texture of your carpet is like. Really notice, as though for the first time, what it feels like to swallow some water. Really notice, as though for the first time, what it feels like to experience joy—or sadness, or comfort, or anger, or peace. Exercise your imagination. Make some art (it doesn’t have to win awards; it just has to light up your brain!). Make music (again, it’s about wiring your brain in your body, not about outdoing Mozart in composition and/or performance). Make changes! Make your brain work in the ways it’s not in the habit of doing.

    If you need a little help switching off parts of your brain that are being too active, so that you can better exercise other parts of your brain that might otherwise have been neglected, you might want to try:

    The Off-Button For Your Brain

    Enjoy!

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  • Sesame Chocolate Fudge

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    If you’d like a sweet treat without skyrocketing your blood sugars with, well, rocket fuel… Today’s recipe can help you enjoy a taste of decadence that’s not bad for your blood sugars, and good for your heart and brain.

    You will need

    • ½ cup sesame seeds
    • ¼ cup cocoa powder
    • 3 tbsp maple syrup
    • 1 tbsp coconut oil (plus a little extra for the pan)

    Method

    (we suggest you read everything at least once before doing anything)

    1) Lightly toast the sesame seeds in a pan until golden brown. Remove from the heat and allow to cool.

    2) Put them in a food processor, and blend on full speed until they start to form a dough-like mixture. This may take a few minutes, so be patient. We recommend doing it in 30-second sessions with a 30-second rest between them, to avoiding overheating the motor.

    3) Add the rest of the ingredients and blend to combine thoroughly—this should go easily now and only take 10 seconds or so, but judge it by eye.

    4) Grease an 8″ square baking tin with a little coconut oil, and add the mixture, patting it down to fill the tin, making sure it is well-compressed.

    5) Allow to chill in the fridge for 6 hours, until firm.

    6) Turn the fudge out onto a chopping board, and cut into the size squares you want. Serve, or store in the fridge until ready to serve.

    Enjoy!

    Want to learn more?

    For those interested in some of the science of what we have going on today:

    Take care!

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  • Beetroot or Brussels Sprouts – Which is Healthier?

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    Our Verdict

    When comparing beetroot to Brussels sprouts, we picked the sprouts.

    Why?

    Both have their strong benefits, but this was still quite one-sided:

    In terms of macros, beetroot has more carbs while the sprouts have more fiber and protein, making this an easy win for sprouts in this category.

    In the category of vitamins, beetroot has a little more vitamin B9, while the sprouts have a lot more of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, C, E, and K, once again winning by a country mile.

    Looking at minerals next, beetroot is higher in copper, while the sprouts have more calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, and zinc, for a third overwhelming win in a row.

    In other considerations, both are abundant sources of polyphenols, and beetroot has betalains while sprouts have sulforaphane, both of which are great (see the “learn more” links below for details), so we’re calling this round a tie.

    Adding up the sections makes for a very compelling overall win for Brussels sprouts, but do enjoy either or both, as diversity is great!

    Want to learn more?

    You might like:

    Enjoy!

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  • Dyslexia Test

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    (and it’s mostly not about reading/writing!)

    More than just shuffled letters

    This video provides a self-test based on the Bangor Dyslexia Test (BDT). The BDT is 94% accurate in identifying dyslexia, and it includes 9 parts, with a mix of questions and tasks. Answering “yes” or struggling with tasks indicates possible dyslexia. Collecting 4+ indicators suggests dyslexia, but of course is not a replacement for official diagnosis.

    It’s best to watch the video if you can, but here’s what to expect:

    1. Left-Right confusion: point your left hand to your right/left shoulder.
    2. Family history: any family members with dyslexia or struggles with reading/writing?
    3. Repeating numbers (order): repeat a given sequence of numbers in order.
    4. Letter confusion (e.g. b/d): do you confuse letters like “b” and “d” beyond age 8?
    5. Times tables: recite the 6, 7, and 8 times tables.
    6. Word manipulation: replace the letters in a word to create a new word, e.g. change “slide” (s ⇾ g) to “glide.”
    7. Repeating numbers (reversed): repeat a given sequence of numbers in reverse order.
    8. Months in reverse: recite the months of the year in reverse order.
    9. Subtraction: do you struggle with subtraction, e.g. 44-9 or 55-12?

    Writer’s anecdote: I am not dyslexic, and/but I have an impressive level of dyscalculia (the purely numerical equivalent), to the point I’ll sometimes use a calculator to do single-digit calculations, and I am so bad at calculating ages or other differences between dates (I will have to count on my fingers or else run the severe risk of out-by-one errors). I have also been known to make mistakes counting down from 10, which really ruins dramatic tension.

    In contrast, the left-right thing is interesting, because when I was first learning Arabic, I had no trouble reading/writing right-to-left, but I initially struggled so much to remember which way the “backspace” key would take me (in Arabic the backspace key backspaces to the right, despite still pointing to the left).

    Anyway, for the test itself, enjoy:

    Click Here If The Embedded Video Doesn’t Load Automatically!

    Want to learn more?

    You might also like to read:

    Reading, Better (Reading As A Cognitive Exercise)

    Take care!

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  • The Exercise That Can Fix A Very Common Knee Pain, Permanently

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    Notwithstanding the thumbnail, whether or not you do squats is actually not particularly important for this one.

    Will Harlow, the over-50s specialist physio, explains:

    It’s in your hips

    This isn’t the only possible reason for knee pain, of course, but it is one of the three most common causes. Usually, if there’s a knee problem, the problem is actually rooted in one of the following:

    • Hip rotators
    • Glutes
    • Tibialis anterior

    Even in the case of osteoarthritis of the knee, the underlying problem (i.e. before the OA set in) usually started in one of those places and then messed up the knee by referral (i.e., undue stress being put on the knee because of the problem in the other place, then causes the joint wear-and-tear that’s characteristic of OA). In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune issue from the start, but that only affects 0.5% of the population, so statistically the other things are much more common.

    So, today we’ll be looking at the hips: weak hip muscles can let your thigh move uncontrollably, sending twisting and side-to-side forces into your knee, which is mainly built for forwards and backwards motion.

    And the remedy for this: the “double clam” exercise, which targets your hip rotators to improve control of your thigh and thus reduce stress on your knee:

    • setup and position: lie on your side with the affected leg on top, support your head, place your top hand in front, roll slightly forwards, and keep your knees bent with your heels and knees together.
    • double clam movement: lift your top knee without rolling your hips, then keep your knee still and lift your heel by rotating your thigh inwards, before lowering your heel and then your knee with good, steady control.
    • progressions: add a resistance band above your knees to increase difficulty, then add a second band around your ankles to make both parts of the movement harder; for each progression, only progress when you can do 15 good-form reps of the easier version.

    For more on all of this plus visual demonstrations, enjoy:

    Click Here If The Embedded Video Doesn’t Load Automatically!

    Want to learn more?

    For a much deeper understanding of treating knee pain, here’s a great book that we reviewed a little while back:

    Treat Your Own Knee – by Robin McKenzie ← he’s a physiotherapist and not a doctor, and/but with 40 years of practice to his name and 33 letters after his name (CNZM OBE FCSP (Hon) FNZSP (Hon) Dip MDT Dip MT), he seems to know his stuff. His work is very well-respected, and almost any English-speaking physiotherapist will have read his books.

    Take care!

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  • Keeping Your Kidneys Healthy (Especially After 60)

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    Keeping your kidneys happy: it’s more than just hydration!

    Your kidneys are very busy organs. They filter waste products, balance hydration, pH, salt, and potassium. They also make some of our hormones, and are responsible for regulating red blood cell production too. They also handle vitamin D in a way our bodies would not work without, making them essential for calcium absorption and the health of our bones, and even muscular function.

    So, how to keep them in good working order?

    Yes, hydrate

    This is obvious and may go without saying, but we try to not leave important things without saying. So yes, get plenty of water, spread out over the day (you can only usefully absorb so much at once!). If you feel thirsty, you’re probably already dehydrated, so have a little (hydrating!) drink.

    Don’t smoke

    It’s bad for everything, including your kidneys.

    Look after your blood

    Not just “try to keep it inside your body”, but also:

    Basically, your kidneys’ primary job of filtering blood will go much more smoothly if that blood is less problematic on the way in.

    Watch your over-the-counter pill intake

    A lot of PRN OTC NSAIDs (PRN = pro re nata, i.e. you take them as and when symptoms arise) (NSAIDs = Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, such as ibuprofen for example) can cause kidney damage if taken regularly.

    Many people take ibuprofen (for example) constantly for chronic pain, especially the kind cause by chronic inflammation, including many autoimmune diseases.

    It is recommended to not take them for more than 10 days, nor more than 8 per day. Taking more than that, or taking them for longer, could damage your kidneys temporarily or permanently.

    Read more: National Kidney Foundation: Advice About Pain Medicines

    See also: Which Drugs Are Harmful To Your Kidneys?

    Get a regular kidney function checkup if you’re in a high risk group

    Who’s in a high risk group?

    • If you’re over 60
    • If you have diabetes
    • If you have cardiovascular disease
    • If you have high blood pressure
    • If you believe, or know, you have existing kidney damage

    The tests are very noninvasive, and will be a urine and/or blood test.

    For more information, see:

    Kidney Testing: Everything You Need to Know

    Take care!

    Don’t Forget…

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