You can feel hip pain at any stage of life, including childhood, young adulthood and the middle years.

This can come as a surprise; many people associate hip pain with old age. It can strike fear into the hearts of those in their 40s or 50s, who may suddenly wonder if old age – or even a hip replacement – may be on the horizon much sooner than expected.

The good news is only a minority of people with hip pain will have something medically concerning or actually need surgery. Surgery should only be considered after doing a comprehensive rehabilitation exercise program.

There are lots of complex underlying reasons for hip pain, and there may be plenty you can do before you start jumping to conclusions about needing surgery.

The stiff hip vs. the overly mobile hip

In young boys and men, a condition known as femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is a common cause of hip pain. This is particularly true for those who play sports (such as football) where you need to change direction quickly and often.

This condition is caused by a bigger hip ball (also known as the femoral head) or the hip socket (the acetabulum).

This may cause pain at the front or side of the hip. The pain may get worse during movements that involve the knee coming towards the chest (such as a squat) or trending across the middle of the body (such as sitting cross-legged).

In young girls and women, hip dysplasia is particularly common.

This happens when the hip socket does not fully cover the ball of the joint. The hip can move too much, and may cause pain at the front, side or back of the hip.

However, excessive hip movement can also be caused when the connective tissue (such as the ligaments and hip capsule) get too elastic or stretchy.

Some people – such as performing artists, yogis and swimmers – may thrive on having more mobility for their artistry and sporting pursuits, but they need to be strong enough to control their excessive motion.

Because people with increased mobility are at risk of injury, it is important to maintain hip muscle strength to support the hip joint.

In middle-aged adults and older people, the most common causes of hip pain are osteoarthritis and gluteal tendinopathy.

People with osteoarthritis often experience hip pain and stiffness, and may find it hard to reach down and put on shoes and socks.

People with gluteal tendinopathy might experience pain on the outside of their hip and have problems with lying on their side, climbing stairs or standing on one leg.

My hip hurts. How worried should I be?

Well, it’s fundamentally about quality of life.

Does your hip pain make it hard to do social or community activities, perform daily tasks, or stay active? If so, then yes – you’re right to be concerned about your hip pain.

However, most hip conditions can be well managed with non-surgical treatments, such as exercises or stretches prescribed by a physiotherapist, doctor or other health-care professional. You may find you’re soon back to taking those long strolls in the park.

Whether your hip is too stiff or too mobile, start by seeking a thorough clinical examination from a trained and registered doctor or healthcare professional (such as a physiotherapist).

They may ask you to get some scans to help diagnose the cause of your hip pain. In most cases, an X-ray is used to understand the shape of the bones that form the hip joint and check for osteoarthritis. In some people, an MRI is ordered to get a more detailed understanding of the different components of the hip joint. However, it is important to remember something might show up on an MRI even in people without pain.

Treatment for hip pain

Hip pain can often be managed with or without surgery.

If you do end up needing surgery, it’s worth knowing there are lots of different types of surgical treatments. The most common are hip arthroscopy (keyhole surgery) and hip replacement. For many people, though, non-surgical treatments are effective.

These might include:

• adjusting how you exercise or do sport
• learning about how to manage symptoms
• muscle strengthening exercises.

In most cases, it’s recommended to try non-surgical treatments for at least three months to see if they help reduce pain and improve hip function before considering surgery.

Whatever you do, stay active. And remember strong bum muscles are important to maintaining healthy hips, so try to find ways to keep your glutes strong.

Charlotte Ganderton, Senior Lecturer (Physiotherapy), RMIT University and Joshua Heerey, Physiotherapist and Research Fellow (hip and knee osteoarthritis), La Trobe University

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

“Protein goals” have long been a thing on TikTok and Instagram. But now social media users are also talking about “fibre goals”. This reflects a positive broader shift toward overall health and wellbeing rather than a narrow focus on weight loss or muscle gain.

Foods high in fibre are among the healthiest we can eat. Not getting enough can lead to constipation, haemorrhoids and boost the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and bowel cancer.

So what’s the expert evidence say about “fibre goals” and how to hit them?

Different types of fibre

Dietary fibres are indigestible parts of plant foods. Unlike other carbohydrates that break down into sugar, these complex carbs pass through our digestive tract mostly unchanged.

There are two main types of dietary fibre:

Soluble fibres dissolve in water to form gel-like substances. You can find these in fruits such as apples and berries, vegetables such as sweet potatoes and carrots, as well a legumes and oats.

Soluble fibres can slow down digestion and help us feel fuller for longer. They support heart health, lower blood cholesterol and help regulate blood sugar levels.

Insoluble fibres don’t dissolve in water, but add bulk to food. You can get this type of fibre from wheat bran, fruits and vegetable skins, nuts and seeds, beans and whole grain foods.

Insoluble fibres add bulk to the stool and help regulate bowel movements and reduce constipation.

Resistant starch is also a type of complex carb that isn’t technically a fibre, but behaves like one; it resists digestion and feeds gut bacteria. These are found in legumes, cooked potato, and undercooked pasta.

Unlike many fibre supplements (which often only offer one type of fibre) most sources of fibre we eat contain both soluble and insoluble forms. For example, oats, apples and avocado have both.

Both soluble and insoluble fibre benefit our gut and overall health.

Both can be fermented by good gut bacteria, although soluble dietary fibres (and resistant starches) tend to ferment more readily.

Our gut bacteria rely on fermenting these fibres as a fuel to help digest foods, fight against pathogenic microbes such as germs and viruses, and improve physical and mental health.

What should my fibre goal should be?

Sadly, there’s no quick lab test to measure it.

A simple indicator is how well your digestion works. If you’re rarely constipated, you’re likely getting enough fibre.

The National Health and Medical Research Council recommends daily fibre intakes vary by age and gender.

But in general, adult men should have about 30 grams of fibre per day. Women should have about 25 grams.

There are many apps and websites to help you calculate your current fibre intake.

It’s hard to have too much dietary fibre; even eating 50g per day is not considered harmful.

How do I meet that goal without overthinking it?

Foods rich in fibre include:

• fruits
• vegetables
• nuts
• seeds
• legumes
• beans
• wholegrain or wholemeal breads and cereals.

Aim for variety in your diet, so you don’t get bored of the same foods.

The federal government’s Australian Dietary Guidelines suggest a daily intake of:

• two serves of medium-sized fruits
• five serves of vegetables (one serve is half a cup of cooked veggies or one cup of salad greens)
• two to three serves of nuts and seeds (where one serve is about 30g or a handful) or two to three serves of legumes/beans (where one serve is a cup of cooked beans, lentils, chickpeas, split peas).

What not to do

Here are some important things to remember:

1. avoid drastic changes such as cutting out entire food groups or nutrients (such as carbohydrates) unless advised by your health practitioner. Even low-fibre food groups (such as dairy or lean meats) provide important nutrients. Avoiding them can potentially cause other health problems
2. avoid focusing on just one type of fibre (soluble or insoluble). Each has different benefits, so incorporating both is best
3. avoid a sudden increase in fibre. It can cause abdominal pain and increased flatulence. Start by adding just one or two high-fibre foods each day and slowly increase this over a few weeks
4. fibre needs water to work effectively, so drink plenty of fluids. Aim for at least eight to ten glasses of water per day.

How do I hit my goal without being a weirdo about it?

Eating well doesn’t need to be a competition.

It’s great people are sharing ideas on social media about increasing fibre intake and setting fibre goals, but we can do it without constantly obsessing over food.

Focus on gradual changes and incorporating fibre-rich foods naturally into your diet. Start by eating more fresh fruit and vegetables, and adding legumes and pulses (such as kidney beans and chickpeas) to meals.

Simple switches can go a long way. For example, swap refined grain products (such as white rice or white bread) for wholemeal or wholegrain varieties. If you like breakfast cereals, choose one with at least 5g of fibre per serve (read the nutrition panel on the packet).

Finally, listen to your body. If you experience any digestive discomfort or have certain conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome that requires managing your fibre intake, consult with a health-care professional.

Saman Khalesi, Senior Lecturer and Head of Course Nutrition, HealthWise Research Group Lead, Appleton Institute,, CQUniversity Australia; Chris Irwin, Senior Lecturer in Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences & Social Work, Griffith University, and Seyed Farhang Jafari, PhD candidate of Public Health (Nutrition), CQUniversity Australia

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.