Ice Baths: To Dip Or Not To Dip?

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Many Are Cold, But Few Are Frozen

We asked you for your (health-related) view of ice baths, and got the above-depicted, below-described, set of responses:

  • About 31% said “ice baths are great for the health; we should take them”
  • About 29% said “ice baths’ risks outweigh their few benefits”
  • About 26% said “ice baths’ benefits outweigh their few risks”
  • About 14% said “ice baths are dangerous and can kill you; best avoided”

So what does the science say?

Freezing water is very dangerous: True or False?

True! Water close to freezing point is indeed very dangerous, and can most certainly kill you.

Fun fact, though: many such people are still saveable with timely medical intervention, in part because the same hypothermia that is killing them also slows down the process* of death

Source (and science) for both parts of that:

Cold water immersion: sudden death and prolonged survival

*and biologically speaking, death is a process, not an event, by the way. But we don’t have room for that today!

(unless you die in some sudden violent way, such as a powerful explosion that destroys your brain instantly; then it’s an event)

Ice baths are thus also very dangerous: True or False?

False! Assuming that they are undertaken responsibly and you have no chronic diseases that make it more dangerous for you.

What does “undertaken responsibly” mean?

Firstly, the temperature should not be near freezing. It should be 10–15℃, which for Americans is 50–59℉.

You can get a bath thermometer to check this, by the way. Here’s an example product on Amazon.

Secondly, your ice bath should last no more than 10–15 minutes. This is not a place to go to sleep.

What chronic diseases would make it dangerous?

Do check with your doctor if you have any doubts, as no list we make can be exhaustive and we don’t know your personal medical history, but the main culprits are:

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes (any type)

The first two are for heart attack risk; the latter is because diabetes can affect core temperature regulation.

Ice baths are good for the heart: True or False?

True or False depending on how they’re done, and your health before starting.

For most people, undertaking ice baths responsibly, repeated ice bath use causes the cardiovascular system to adapt to better maintain homeostasis when subjected to thermal shock (i.e. sudden rapid changes in temperature).

For example: Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to cold stress following repeated cold water immersion

And because that was a small study, here’s a big research review with a lot of data; just scroll to where it has the heading“Specific thermoregulative adaptations to regular exposure to cold air and/or cold water exposure“ for many examples and much discussion:

Health effects of voluntary exposure to cold water: a continuing subject of debate

Ice baths are good against inflammation: True or False?

True! Here’s one example:

Winter-swimming as a building-up body resistance factor inducing adaptive changes in the oxidant/antioxidant status

Uric acid and glutathione levels (important markers of chronic inflammation) are also significantly affected:

Uric acid and glutathione levels during short-term whole body cold exposure

Want to know more?

That’s all we have room for today, but check out our previous “Expert Insights” main feature looking at Wim Hof’s work in cryotherapy:

A Cold Shower A Day Keeps The Doctor Away?

Enjoy!

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  • Sweet Potato & Black Bean Tacos

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    Fiber, protein, and polyphenols! What more could one ask for? Well, great taste and warm healthy goodness, which these deliver:

    You will need

    For the sweet potatoes:

    • 2 medium sweet potatoes, cubed (we recommend leaving the skin on, but you can peel them if you really want to)
    • 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil
    • 2 tsp garlic powder
    • 2 tsp smoked paprika
    • 1 tsp chili powder
    • 1 tsp black pepper
    • 1 tsp ground cumin
    • 1 tsp ground turmeric
    • ½ tsp MSG or 1 tsp low-sodium salt

    For the black beans:

    • 2 cans black beans, drained and rinsed (or 2 cups black beans that you cooked yourself)
    • ¼ bulb garlic, minced
    • 1 fresh jalapeño finely chopped (or ¼ cup jalapeños from a jar, finely chopped) ← adjust quantities per your preference and per the quality of the pepper(s) you’re using; we can’t judge that from here without tasting them, so we give a good basic starting suggestion.
    • 2 tsp black pepper
    • 1 tsp red chili flakes
    • ½ tsp MSG or 1 tsp low-sodium salt

    For serving:

    • 8 small corn tortillas, or your preference if substituting
    • 1 avocado, pitted, peeled, cubed, and tossed in lime juice ← we’re mentioning this here because you want to do this as soon as you cut it, to avoid oxidation
    • Any other salad you’d like to include; fresh parsley is also a good option when it comes to greenery, or cilantro if you don’t have the soap gene
    • Tomato salsa (quantity and spice level per your preference)

    Method

    (we suggest you read everything at least once before doing anything)

    1) Preheat the oven to 400°F / 200°C.

    2) Toss the sweet potato cubes in a large bowl with the rest of the ingredients from the sweet potato section above, ensuring they are evenly coated.

    3) Bake them in the oven, on a baking tray lined with baking paper, for about 30 minutes or until tender inside and crispy at the edges. Turn them over halfway through.

    4) While that’s happening, mix the black beans in a bowl with the other ingredients from the black bean section above, and heat them gently. You could do this in a saucepan, but honestly, while it’s not glamorous, the microwave is actually better for this. Note: many people find the microwave cooks food unevenly, but there are two reasons for this and they’re both easily fixable:

    • instead of using high power for x minutes, use medium power for 2x minutes; this will produce better results
    • instead of putting the food just in a bowl, jug, or similar, use a wide bowl or similar container, and then inside that, place a small empty microwave-safe glass jar or similar upturned in the middle, and then add the food around it, so that the food is arranged in a donut shape rather than a wide cylinder shape. This means there is no “middle bit” to go underheated while the edges are heated excessively; instead, it will heat through evenly.

    If you really don’t want to do that though, use a saucepan on a very low heat, add a small amount of liquid (or tomato salsa), and stir constantly.

    5) Heat the tortillas in a dry skillet for about 30 seconds each on each side, when ready to serve.

    6) Assemble the tacos; you can do this how you like but a good order of operations is: tortilla, leafy salad (if using), potato, beans, non-leafy salad including avocado, salsa or other topping per your preference.

    Enjoy!

    Want to learn more?

    For those interested in some of the science of what we have going on today:

    Take care!

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  • Marrakesh Sorghum Salad

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    As the name suggests, it’s a Maghreb dish today! Using sorghum, a naturally gluten-free whole grain with a stack of vitamins and minerals. This salad also comes with fruit and nuts (apricots and almonds; a heavenly combination for both taste and nutrients) as well as greens, herbs, and spices.

    Note: to keep things simple today, we’ve listed ras el-hanout as one ingredient. If you’re unfamiliar, it’s a spice blend; you can probably buy a version locally, but you might as well know how to make it yourself—so here’s our recipe for that!

    You will need

    • 1½ cups sorghum, soaked overnight in water (if you can’t find it locally, you can order it online (here’s an example product on Amazon), or substitute quinoa) and if you have time, soaked overnight and then kept in a jar with just a little moisture for a few days until they begin to sprout—this will be best of all. But if you don’t have time, don’t worry about it; overnight soaking is sufficient already.
    • 1 carrot, grated
    • ½ cup chopped parsley
    • 1 tbsp apple cider vinegar
    • ½ tbsp chopped chives
    • 2 tbsp ras el-hanout
    • 3 cloves garlic, crushed
    • 2 tbsp almond butter
    • 1 tbsp lemon juice
    • 1 tsp white miso paste
    • ½ cup sliced almonds
    • 4 fresh apricots, pitted and cut into wedges
    • 1 cup mint leaves, chopped
    • To serve: your choice of salad greens; we suggest chopped romaine lettuce and rocket

    Method

    (we suggest you read everything at least once before doing anything)

    1) Cook the sorghum, which means boiling it for about 45 minutes, or 30 in a pressure cooker. If unsure, err on the side of cooking longer—even up to an hour will be totally fine. You have a lot of wiggle room, and will soon get used to how long it takes with your device/setup. Drain the cooked sorghum, and set it aside to cool. If you’re entertaining, we recommend doing this part the day before and keeping it in the fridge.

    2) When it’s cool, add the carrot, the parsley, the chives, the vinegar, and 1 tbsp of the ras el-hanout. Toss gently but thoroughly to combine.

    3) Make the dressing, which means putting ¼ cup water into a blender with the other 1 tbsp of the ras el-hanout, the garlic, the almond butter, the lemon juice, and the miso paste. Blend until smooth.

    4) Assemble the salad, which means adding the dressing to sorghum-and-ingredients bowl, along with the almonds, apricots, and mint leaves. Toss gently, but sufficiently that everything is coated.

    5) Serve on a bed of salad greens.

    Enjoy!

    Want to learn more?

    For those interested in some of the science of what we have going on today:

    Take care!

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  • Delicious Daily Daal

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    You’re not obliged to eat this every day, but you might want to. The reason we called this one this, is because it’s a super simple recipe (don’t be put off by the long ingredients list; it’s mostly spices making it look long) which, after you’ve done it a couple of times, you could practically do it in your sleep quickly and easily.

    The name “lentil daal” is a bit like “naan bread”—a redundant tautology repeated more than once unnecessarily, but it helps for international clarity. The dish is usually served with naan, by the way, and rice. We don’t have room for those today, maybe we’ll do them another day; for now, you can just cook rice how you normally do, and buy naan if necessary.

    Writer’s note: I love strong flavors; many people don’t. For this reason I’m going to give a “basic” version. Please feel free to multiply the spices if you feel so inclined. Where I give “one teaspoon” of a spice below, I’d use a tablespoon at home. Chili peppers can vary in heat a lot even within the same type, so what I do for any given batch is taste one (raw), judge the heat, and use an appropriate number of peppers accordingly. If you don’t want to do that, I suggest just guessing low (as per the instructions below) and if you find at the end you want more heat, you can always stir in a little hot sauce. I know that sounds heretical, but at the end of the day, the primary goal of cooking is to have the meal you want at the end of it.

    You will need

    • 1 1/2 cups red lentils
    • 1 large onion, chopped
    • 1 large bulb garlic, minced
    • 1 oz ginger, grated
    • 2 hot peppers (e.g. serrano), chopped
    • 1 tsp ground cumin
    • 1 tsp ground coriander
    • 1 tsp ground turmeric
    • 1 tsp garam masala (this is also ground, but it doesn’t come any other way)
    • 1 tsp chili flakes (omit if you’re not a fan of heat)
    • 2 tsp cracked black pepper
    • 1 tsp salt ← I wouldn’t recommend multiplying this one unless later, to taste. In fact, instead of 1 tsp salt I use 2 tsp MSG, which has less sodium than 1 tsp salt. But “1 tsp salt” is the “easy to find in the store” version.
    • 2 large or 3 small tomatoes, chopped (or 1 can chopped tomatoes)
    • 2 shallots, thinly sliced
    • 1 tsp cumin seeds
    • 1 tsp mustard seeds
    • 1 tsp coriander seeds
    • 1 tsp black peppercorns
    • 1 lime
    • 1/2 cup fresh cilantro, or if you have the “that tastes like soap” gene, parsley, chopped
    • Coconut oil for cooking (if you don’t like coconut, consider springing for avocado oil—if you use olive oil, it’ll add an olivey taste which changes the dish a lot; not inherently bad, but it feels a lot less like traditional daal; seed oils are less healthy and we don’t recommend them; ghee is a traditional option and not bad in moderation, but not as healthy as the oils we mentioned first)
    • Water for cooking the lentils

    Method

    (we suggest you read everything at least once before doing anything)

    1) In a saucepan, boil water and add the lentils; let them simmer while doing the next things.

    2) Sauté the onions until translucent. This should only take a few minutes.

    3) Add the garlic, ginger, and hot peppers, and keep stirring for another couple of minutes.

    4) Add the ground spices (cumin, coriander, turmeric, garam masala) chili flakes, and cracked black pepper, as well as the salt or MSG if using (not both), and stir them in quickly but thoroughly.

    For the next step, you may need to transfer to larger pan if your sauté pan isn’t big enough to take the volume; if so, that’s fine, the sauté has done its job and can have a rest now. If your sauté pan is big enough, just carry on in the same pan; this is perfect.

    5) Add the lentils with the water you cooked them in (there might not be much water left now, as the lentils will have absorbed a lot of it; this is fine) as well as the chopped tomatoes.

    6) Simmer until it has the consistency of a very thick sauce (you can add a splash more water here and there if it seems to need more). In the West it’s common to serve lentils “al dente”, but in the East it’s usual to (for dishes like this) cook them until they start to

    7) Add the juice of at least 1/2 of your lime, or the whole lime if you feel so inclined.

    8) In a pre-heated skillet, flash-fry the sliced shallots and the seeds (cumin, coriander, mustard, black peppercorns) at the hottest temperature you can muster. Don’t worry if the oil smokes; we’re only going to be at this tadka-making stage for a moment and nothing will stick provided you keep it moving. When the seeds start popping, it’s ready. Add it all to the big pan and stir in.

    9) Add the cilantro-or-parsley garnish once you’re ready to serve.

    Enjoy!

    Learn more

    For those interested in some of the science of what we have going on today:

    Take care!

    Share This Post

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  • Taurine: An Anti-Aging Powerhouse? Exploring Its Unexpected Benefits

    10almonds is reader-supported. We may, at no cost to you, receive a portion of sales if you purchase a product through a link in this article.

    Dr. Mark Rosenberg explains:

    Not a stimulant, but…

    • Its presence in energy drinks often causes people to assume it’s a stimulant, but it’s not. In fact, it’s a GABA-agonist, thus having a calming effect.
    • The real reason it’s in energy drinks is because it helps increase mitochondrial ATP production (ATP = adenosine triphosphate = how cells store energy that’s ready to use; mitochondria take glucose and make ATP)
    • Taurine is also anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer.
    • In the category of aging, human studies are slow to give results for obvious reasons, but mouse studies show that supplementing taurine in middle-aged mice increased their lifespan by 10–12%, as well as improving various physiological markers of aging.
    • Taking a closer look at aging—literally; looking at cellular aging—taurine reduces cellular senescence and protects telomeres, thus decreasing DNA mutations.

    For more on the science of these, plus Dr. Rosenberg’s personal experience, enjoy:

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    Take care!

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  • Body Scrubs: Benefits, Risks, and Guidance

    10almonds is reader-supported. We may, at no cost to you, receive a portion of sales if you purchase a product through a link in this article.

    It’s Q&A Day at 10almonds!

    Have a question or a request? We love to hear from you!

    In cases where we’ve already covered something, we might link to what we wrote before, but will always be happy to revisit any of our topics again in the future too—there’s always more to say!

    As ever: if the question/request can be answered briefly, we’ll do it here in our Q&A Thursday edition. If not, we’ll make a main feature of it shortly afterwards!

    So, no question/request too big or small

    ❝I was wondering whether I should be using a body scrub in the shower, rather than just soap.  What should guide me in the choice of a body scrub, and are there any risks to be aware of?❞

    Body scrubs are great for giving skin a healthy glow, but are best used sparingly—over-exfoliation leads to the opposite effect (unhappy skin, premature skin aging, etc).

    As for contents:

    • microplastics are now banned in most places, but you might want to check any products (and their containers!) are BPA-free, pthalate free, etc.
    • fragrances in body scrubs are usually a bad idea, and many essential oils have been shown to be endocrine-disruptors, which you do not want:

    About the microplastics, harmful artificial chemicals in general, and what constitutes “etc”:

    Consumer behavior and exposure to parabens, bisphenols, triclosan, dichlorophenols, and benzophenone-3: Results from a crowdsourced biomonitoring study

    About the fragrances’ (including “natural” essential oils’) endocrine-disrupting shenanigans:

    Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement

    So, what might you want to use instead?

    If you’re feeling adventurous, you might like to try treating yourself to a pineapple-based mask instead (a muslin cloth soaked in pineapple juice will work just fine; please don’t waterboard yourself though), as the bromelain enzymes (found very generously in pineapple juice) break down dead cells without the need for scrubbing.

    Another option is a homemade salt- or sugar-scrub. Put your salt or sugar into a jar, add enough warm water to cover it, leave it for about a day, adding more water if it seems in danger of drying out, until it recrystallizes with a high water content keeping it malleable to the touch; congratulations, you now have a very simple scrub. This should still not be used more than, say, once per week, though.

    Last but not least, you might consider investing in a konjac sponge; they gently remove dead skin without damaging living skin. Here’s an example product on Amazon, for your convenience

    For more on gentle-yet-effective skincare, you might like to read:

    Clean: The New Science of Skin and the Beauty of Doing Less

    Enjoy!

    Don’t Forget…

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  • The Emperor’s New Klotho, Or Something More?

    10almonds is reader-supported. We may, at no cost to you, receive a portion of sales if you purchase a product through a link in this article.

    Unzipping The Genes Of Aging?

    Klotho is an enzyme encoded in humans’ genes—specifically, in the KL gene.

    It’s found throughout all living parts of the human body (and can even circulate about in its hormonal form, or come to rest in its membranaceous form), and its subgroups are especially found:

    • α-klotho: in the brain
    • β-klotho: in the liver
    • γ-klotho: in the kidneys

    Great! Why do we care?

    Klotho, its varieties and variants, its presence or absence, are very important in aging.

    Almost every biological manifestation of aging in humans has some klotho-related indicator; usually the decrease or mutation of some kind of klotho.

    Which way around the cause and effect go has been the subject of much debate and research: do we get old because we don’t have enough klotho, or do we make less klotho because we’re getting old?

    Of course, everything has to be tested per variant and per system, so that can take a while (punctuated by research scientists begging for more grants to do the next one). Given that it’s about aging, testing in humans would take an incredibly long while, so most studies so far have been rodent studies.

    The general gist of the results of rodent studies is “reduced klotho hastens aging; increased klotho slows it”.

    (this can be known by artificially increasing or decreasing the level of klotho expression, again something easier in mice as it is harder to arrange transgenic humans for the studies)

    Here’s one example of many, of that vast set of rodent studies:

    Suppression of Aging in Mice by the Hormone Klotho

    Relevance for Alzheimer’s, and a science-based advice

    A few years ago (2020), an Alzheimer’s study was undertaken; they noted that the famous apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s, and that klotho may be another. FGF21 (secreted by the liver, mostly during fasting) binds to its own receptor (FGFR1) and its co-receptor β-klotho. Since this is a known neuroprotective factor, they wondered whether klotho itself may interact with β-amyloid (Aβ), and found:

    ❝Aβ can enhance the ability of klotho to draw FGF21 to regions of incipient neurodegeneration in AD❞

    ~ Dr. Lehrer & Dr. Rheinstein

    In other words: β-amyloid, the substance whose accumulation is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, is a mediator in klotho bringing a known neuroprotective factor, FGF21, to the areas of neurodegeneration

    In fewer words: klotho calls the firefighters to the scene of the fire

    Read more: Alignment of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid β-peptide and klotho

    The advice based on this? Consider practicing intermittent fasting, if that is viable for you, as it will give your liver more FGF21-secreting time, and the more FGF21, the more firefighters arrive when klotho sounds the alarm.

    See also: Intermittent Fasting: What’s the truth?

    …and while you’re at it:

    Does intermittent fasting have benefits for our brain?

    A more recent (2023) study with a slightly different (but connected) purpose, found results consistent with this:

    Longevity factor klotho enhances cognition in aged nonhuman primates

    …and, for that matter this (2023) study that found:

    Associations between klotho and telomere biology in high stress caregivers

    …which looks promising, but we’d like to see it repeated with a sounder method (they sorted caregiving into “high-stress” and “low-stress” depending on whether a child was diagnosed with ASD or not, which is by no means a reliable way of sorting this). They did ask for reported subjective stress levels, but to be more objective, we’d like to see clinical markers of stress (e.g. cortisol levels, blood pressure, heart rate changes, etc).

    A very recent (April 2024) study found that it has implications for more aspects of aging—and this time, in humans (but using a population-based cohort study, rather than lab conditions):

    The prognostic value of serum α-klotho in age-related diseases among the US population: A prospective population-based cohort study

    Can I get it as a supplement?

    Not with today’s technology and today’s paucity of clinical trials, you can’t. Maybe in the future!

    However… The presence of senescent (old, badly copied, stumbling and staggering onwards when they should have been killed and eaten and recycled already) cells actively reduces klotho levels, which means that taking supplements that are senolytic (i.e., that kill those senescent cells) can increase serum klotho levels:

    Orally-active, clinically-translatable senolytics restore α-Klotho in mice and humans

    Ok, what can I take for that?

    We wrote about a senolytic supplement that you might enjoy, recently:

    Fisetin: The Anti-Aging Assassin

    Want to know more?

    If you have the time, Dr. Peter Attia interviews Dr. Dena Dubal (researcher in several of the above studies) here:

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    Enjoy!

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    Learn to Age Gracefully

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