
How To Avoid Memory Loss From Poor Sleep
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Poor sleep is not good for any aspect of health, including memory: What Would Happen If You Didn’t Sleep?
But if sleeping better isn’t an option, what can we do about it?
Well-timed exercise can mitigate it
In the short-term, at least; the research is not yet there for how sustainable this is, although given the mechanism of action, it is quite promising for that too.
In few words, this recent research showed that a single 30-minute session of moderate exercise in the evening was linked to better next-morning memory after a night of restricted sleep.
How they (Dr. Emmanuel Frimpong et al). did this is that adults were randomly assigned to four groups based on sleep duration and exercise. Participants memorized 80 face-name pairs, then either cycled moderately for 30 minutes, or rested, before sleeping either 8.5 or 4.5 hours. Brain activity during sleep was monitored, followed by a memory test the next morning.
By default, reducing sleep from 8.5 hours to 4.5 hours significantly impaired memory for newly learned information, particularly hippocampus-dependent memory that relies on sleep to become stabilized and stored long term.
However, participants who exercised before the short night performed statistically as well on the next-morning memory test as participants who received a full 8.5 hours of sleep.
Which is really quite impressive!
Notably, all groups had performed similarly immediately after learning, indicating that exercise specifically helped preserve memories during the overnight consolidation period.
You might be wondering what we meant about the mechanism of action. Based on the data, it appears to that the deciding factor was how long participants spent in slow-wave sleep, and it appears that the exercise brings this about.
Which means it seems to be very different from a band-aid solution that merely masks the problem, and thus is likely a strong improvement in brain health compared to getting poor sleep and not exercising.
You can read the paper in full, here: Slow-Wave Sleep Mediates the Compensatory Effects of Acute Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Declarative Memory Deficits in Sleep Restriction ← it might not look like it’s there in its entirety, but it is, you just need to click the PDF icon to view it
What if I’m already up far too late and don’t want to spend 30 minutes exercising?
A just question.
There is another hack available: Caffeine For Memory Loss Reversal!
But really, caffeine should also be a supplemental aid, not a “rely on this every day because I didn’t sleep well” thing.
See also: Caffeine: Cognitive Enhancer Or Brain-Wrecker?
And, for that matter, How Much Does Caffeine Affect Sleep, Really? ← some very bad science was done in the 1970s; we have better science now, so it’s good to be updated about this
Want to sleep better too?
With regard to sleep, we’ve written so much about this, but here are three key articles that contain a lot of valuable information:
- Get Better Sleep: Beyond The Basics
- Calculate (And Enjoy) The Perfect Night’s Sleep
- Safe Effective Sleep Aids For Seniors
…as well as pointers to other relevant articles.
Sweet dreams!
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Four Thousand Weeks – by Oliver Burkeman
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This is not, strictly speaking, a time management book. It’s more a “contemplating mortality and making things count while still doing the necessaries”.
Burkeman’s premise is that we get around 4,000 weeks of life, on average. If we live to 120, it’s more like 6,200. Unlucky souls may have to do the best they can with 1,000 or so.
The book is thought-provoking; consider:
- how was your last week?
- how will your next week be?
- what if it were your last?
Of course, we cannot necessarily liquidate all our assets and spend next week burning out in style, because then the following week comes. So, what’s the solution?
That’s something Burkeman lays out over the course of the book, with key ideas including passion projects and figuring out what can be safely neglected, but there’s far more there than we could sum up here.
Bottom line: if you ever find yourself struggling to balance what is expected of you with what is of value to you, this book can help you get the most out of your choices.
Click here to check out Four Thousand Weeks, and make yours count!
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The Complete Anti-Inflammatory Diet for Beginners – by Dorothy Calimeris and Lulu Cook
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First, about the authors: notwithstanding the names, Calimeris is the cook, and Cook is the nutritionist (and an RDN at that).
As for the book: we get a good primer on the science of inflammation, what it is, why it happens, what things are known to cause/trigger it, and what things are known to fight it. They do also go outside of nutrition a bit for this, speaking briefly on other lifestyle factors too, but the main focus is of course nutrition.
As for the recipes: while distinctly plants-forward (as one might expect of an anti-inflammatory eating book), it’s not outright vegan or even vegetarian, indeed, in the category of main dishes, there are sections for:
- Vegetarian and vegan
- Fish and shellfish
- Poultry and meat
…as well as, before and after those, sections for breakfast and brunch and snacks and sweets. As well as a not-to-be-underestimated section, for sauces, condiments, and dressings. This is important, because those are quite often the most inflammatory parts of an otherwise healthy meal! So being able to make anti-inflammatory versions is a real boon.
The recipes are mostly not illustrated, but the steps are very clearly described and easy to follow.
Bottom line: if inflammation is currently on your to-tackle list, this book will be an excellent companion in the kitchen.
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How to handle teen ‘big feelings’ as the social media ban kicks in
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Watching your teenager grieve the loss of their social media account can be confronting. Many are genuinely distressed or struggling with the change, and many parents are unsure how to respond.
Australia’s social media ban, which started this week, means teens under the age of 16, have lost accounts to platforms such as TikTok, Snapchat and Instagram.
These are the platforms they relied on to talk to friends, find support, follow interests, or decompress after school.
While some teens feel relieved or not fussed, many are feeling sad, worried, powerless, helpless, disappointed or angry.
These aren’t signs of entitlement. They’re signs your teen may need support. https://www.youtube.com/embed/u4KrMG6H0zg?wmode=transparent&start=0 A mixed bag: here’s what more than 17,000 teenagers think of the ban.
Maskot/Getty Why losing social media hits some teens hard
There’s a neurological reason why the loss of social media can hit teens so hard.
Adolescence is a period of enormous social, neurological and emotional change. Teen brains are wired for peer connection, and their brains become more sensitive to feedback from their peers. Meanwhile the brain regions responsible for impulse control, managing strong emotions and long-term planning are still developing.
When teens say losing social media feels like being “cut off”, they aren’t being dramatic. Their neurological systems are reacting to a loss of social reinforcement.
Connect and validate their feelings
If your teen is upset, the instinct might be to justify the government’s decision or to explain why life offline is healthier. However, advice lands badly when a young person feels unheard. Teens often perceive even well-meaning advice as criticism.
Accepting their feelings about the changes helps validate their experience. You can say:
Feeling angry or sad makes total sense. I know you used those sites to stay connected with your friends.
Losing your account feels huge. It’s a big change to deal with.
Then pause and listen.
Or you can sit with them without saying much. Some teens prefer parents to just listen sympathetically.
Supporting your teen doesn’t mean you agree with their perspective. It means you’re acknowledging their emotional reality. When teens feel understood, they become more open to talking – and eventually, to problem-solving.
The first two weeks may be the toughest. Some teens may experience grief and withdrawal-like symptoms: boredom, anxiety, irritability, restlessness and a powerful urge to “just check once”.
Help teens understand these reactions are normal. Social media platforms are designed to keep users hooked.
Understand the ‘why’ together
It might help to explore the governement’s concerns about social media with your teen – but not as a lecture. The ban isn’t about social media being inherently bad, but about how platforms are designed.
You can talk about algorithms maximising engagement using the same mechanisms as gambling to encourage dependence and addiction. Or you can talk about how feeds are personalised to keep users scrolling for longer.
Ask your teen what they think about these concerns. This isn’t about convincing them the ban is right, but developing their awareness of how digital platforms work. This prepares them for use when they’re older.
Help teens rebuild what social media gave them
To support your teen, it helps to understand the function social media played in their life. Was it to:
- connect with friends?
- find community around a niche interest or identity?
- share creative work, or find outlets for self-expression?
- de-stress after a busy day?
- know what others are talking about?
Once you understand this, you can help them find alternatives that genuinely meet their needs. They might be able to maintain:
- connection by organising a get-together, make FaceTime calls, join clubs, or have group chats on allowed platforms
- creativity by finding other outlets such as photography, video-making, music, writing, art, or gaming communities with safe age settings
- relaxation by reading, exercise, podcasts, nature time, shows you can watch together.
Many teens won’t immediately know what they want to try. They may need time and space to have their feelings first. Once they are ready, inviting them to brainstorm a few options (without pressuring them) can help.
Problem-solve together, notice efforts
Once emotions settle, gently shift to collaborative problem-solving. You can ask:
What’s been the hardest part this week?
How could we help you stay connected in ways that are allowed?
What would make this change even a tiny bit easier?
Let your teen lead. Young people are much more likely to follow through on strategies they helped design.
Even small signs of coping deserve acknowledgement. You can say:
I can see you’ve been finding other ways to talk to friends. That takes maturity.
I’m proud of how open you’ve been about how you’re feeling.
But if something doesn’t work, treat it like an experiment. You can say:
OK, that didn’t help as much as we hoped. What else could we try?
Check in later
For teens, losing social media isn’t simply losing an app. It can feel like losing a community, a creative outlet, or a place where they felt understood.
Keep an eye out and offer opportunities to check in with how they are going. This ensures teens don’t navigate this transition alone or become secretive – and that your relationship remains a source of support.
The eSafety Commissioner website explains why the rules were brought in and how they will work; youth mental health service headspace has seven tips for navigating the social media ban; the Raising Children’s website explains how teens use technology for entertainment; tips for digital wellness and how to draw up a “contract” for use of a child’s first phone are also available.
Christiane Kehoe, Senior Lecturer in Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Elizabeth Westrupp, Associate Professor in Psychology, Deakin University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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Mung Beans vs Soybeans – Which is Healthier?
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Our Verdict
When comparing mung beans to soybeans, we picked the soy.
Why?
Mung beans are great, but honestly, it’s not close:
In terms of macros, soy has more than 2x the protein (of which, it’s also a complete protein, containing significant amounts of all essential amino acids) while mung beans have more than 2x the carbs. In their defense, mung beans also have very slightly more fiber, but the carb:fiber ratio is such that soybeans have the lower GI by far.
When it comes to vitamins, mung beans have more of vitamins A, B3, B5, and, B9, while soybeans have more of vitamins B2, B6, C, E, and K, making for a moderate win for soybeans, especially as that vitamin K is more than 7x as much as mung beans have.
In the category of minerals, soy wins even more convincingly; soybeans have more calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, and zinc. On the other hand, mung beans have more sodium.
Adding up the sections makes for a clear overall win for soy, but by all means enjoy either or both, as diversity is good!
Want to learn more?
You might like:
Why You Can’t Skimp On Amino Acids
Enjoy!
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Best Mobility Drills For Posture & Pain Relief
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Dr. Jenny Ochoa shows us how to feel better and stay better:
Ease your spine
The problem is that things such as prolonged sitting, desk work, scrolling, and time spent becoming one with the couch, all train your back into flexion, and thus stiffen your thoracic spine. This means that your neck and lower back often compensate, contributing more pain, poor posture, breathing restriction, and, as a special encore, inefficient movement that keeps the vicious cycle going.
The solution is simple: since daily life already overloads spinal flexion, intentionally train thoracic extension and rotation to restore balance.
Here are some exercises to do just that:
- Elevated elbow thoracic stretch: put your elbows on a bench, box, bed, or wall, sit your hips back, and drop your chest and head down while breathing deeply through your nose and out your mouth; use each exhale to sink deeper, prioritizing breath cycles over time.
- Foam roller thoracic extensions: put a foam roller under your upper back, cross a leg to help stabilize your lower back, keep your ribs down with abdominal tension, and extend segment by segment over the roller without flaring your ribs; reposition yourself gradually up and down your thoracic spine to target stiff areas.
- Larger roller or wheel extension: use a larger roller against your middle back, while sitting your hips back to lock your lower back, then move from flexion into extension with coordinated breathing, to isolate your thoracic movement.
- Foam roller thread-the-needle: from all fours, rotate one arm underneath your body while keeping the opposite hand planted on the floor, dropping your shoulder towards the ground; a resistance band can be used to increase the stretch and rotational demand, as soon as you feel ready for that.
- Quadruped rotation: place one hand behind your head, rotate your elbow from your opposite wrist towards the ceiling while keeping your support arm straight, and actively push through your grounded hand, prioritizing range of movement.
- Prone floor rotation: lie on the floor with your arms in a Y position, keep your hips grounded, and rotate your thumbs upwards towards the ceiling (while focusing motion through your thoracic spine rather than your lower back).
Bonus:
Partner-assisted extension: maintain locked hips and lower back, while a partner guides your arms and chest into deeper thoracic extension, for a stronger passive stretch.
For more on all of this plus visual demonstrations, enjoy:
Click Here If The Embedded Video Doesn’t Load Automatically!
Want to learn more?
You might also like:
Stop Pain Spreading ← our main feature on the topic of “referred pain”, i.e. when the consequences of one set of pain gives us extra pain somewhere else, which then gives us extra pain somewhere else, which then… You get the idea. Check out the article to see how to stop it 😎
Take care!
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Flu vaccines are now available for 2025. What’s on offer and which one should I get?
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It’s that time of year when flu vaccines are becoming available in Australia. You may have received an email from your GP clinic or a text message from your pharmacy telling you they’re in stock.
So far in 2025 in Australia, there have been more flu notifications compared to the same period in previous years.
Elsewhere, many northern hemisphere countries have reported intense flu activity during the 2024–25 winter season. This has included several deaths in children.
Although it’s difficult to make predictions about the intensity and timing of the upcoming flu season, it’s a good time to start thinking about vaccination.
PeopleImages.com – Yuri A/Shutterstock Who should get vaccinated, and when?
In Australia, flu vaccines are available for everyone over the age of six months. Flu vaccines don’t work well in young infants, but they can be protected if their mothers are immunised during pregnancy.
The National Immunisation Program provides free vaccines for people at higher risk, including specific age groups (adults older than 65 and children between six months and five years), those with chronic medical conditions, pregnant women and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
For healthy adults and children outside these groups, a flu vaccine costs around A$20–30. The vaccines are widely available at GPs and pharmacies, and through workplace programs.
Flu vaccines reduce the risk of GP presentation with influenza by around 30–60% and hospitalisation with influenza by about 50–70%.
There’s some evidence the protection from flu vaccines wanes over several months. Ideally, everyone would get vaccinated within a few months of the peak of the flu season. But in reality, we can’t easily predict when this will occur, and since the COVID pandemic, flu seasons have arrived unusually early in the year. So, some time in the next month or so is a good time to get vaccinated.
The flu can be a nasty virus to catch. Kmpzzz/Shutterstock In general, flu vaccines can be given at the same time as most other vaccines, including COVID vaccines, but check with your vaccination provider about whether this is appropriate for you.
Influenza vaccines are regarded as safe. While some people may get a sore arm or fever, these symptoms are usually mild and short lived. Serious side effects, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, are rare, and are thought to be less common than after influenza infection.
Why do we need a flu vaccine every year?
Influenza is a difficult virus to make vaccines for, as the virus changes frequently, and vaccines generally only provide protection against a limited range of strains. Some studies suggest mutations in the influenza virus are 20 times more common than with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID.
This means, each year, experts need to predict the likely circulating strains in the next season, so vaccines can be manufactured in preparation.
The World Health Organization coordinates two meetings each year – in February to decide on vaccine strains for the following northern hemisphere season, and around September for the southern hemisphere.
Although all current influenza vaccines contain strains from four influenza subtypes (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B Victoria and B Yamagata), one of the strains appears to have disappeared during the pandemic. So next year’s vaccines will probably drop the B Yamagata strain.
Seasonal flu vaccines don’t provide protection against avian influenza (bird flu) strains, but vaccination is still recommended for people who may be at risk of bird flu, such as poultry workers. This is to reduce the chance that a new virus could result from the combination of both seasonal and avian influenza strains.
Which vaccines are available?
There are a variety of vaccines you may be offered when you book in or turn up for a flu vaccine.
Over the past few years, new types of vaccines have been developed. Some of these attempt to improve the body’s immune response to vaccines. For example, Fluad Quad contains an adjuvant called MF59, an additional substance designed to attract immune cells to the site of vaccination.
Other vaccines, such as Fluzone High-Dose, use a larger dose of the vaccine strains to improve the immune response. These vaccines are recommended for older people, as immune responses tend to decline with age.
Certain vaccines use alternative production methods to try to improve the match between vaccine strains and the circulating strains. Standard flu vaccines are produced using influenza viruses grown in chicken eggs. One weakness of this method is that viral mutations can occur during the production process, known as “egg adaptation”. During some of the seasons between 2014 and 2019, this was shown to reduce the effectiveness of flu vaccines.
The avoid this issue, cell-based vaccines, such as Flucelvax Quad, use influenza vaccine strains grown in mammalian cells rather than eggs.
Flu vaccines are free for certain vulnerable groups, such as children under five. SeventyFour/Shutterstock The key takeaways are:
- older people are recommended to receive an enhanced vaccine (Fluad Quad for >65 years or Fluzone High-Dose for >60 years), with Fluad Quad provided free under the National Immunisation Program
- other people are recommended to receive a standard vaccine (egg-based or cell-based), with vaccines provided free for high-risk groups and children between six months and five years.
Looking to the future
There are several new flu vaccines currently under development. Recombinant vaccines, such as Flublok, use insect cells to produce a specific component of the virus.
With the success of mRNA vaccines for COVID, there is interest in using a similar process for influenza. In theory, this could shorten the time to develop vaccines, for both seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza.
There’s also interest in combination vaccines – for example, a single shot could provide protection against both COVID and the flu.
The “holy grail” of influenza vaccines is one that could provide long-lasting protection against many different strains. Although we’re not there yet, you’re at lower risk of influenza and its complications if you get a flu shot.
Allen Cheng, Professor of Infectious Diseases, Monash University
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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