Unprocess Your Life – by Rob Hobson
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Rob Hobson is not a doctor, but he is a nutritionist with half the alphabet after his name (BSc, PGDip, MSc, AFN, SENR) and decades of experience in the field.
The book covers, in jargon-free fashion, the science of ultra-processed foods, and why for example that pack of frozen chicken nuggets are bad but a pack of tofu (which obviously also took some processing, because it didn’t grow on the plant like that) isn’t.
This kind of explanation puts to rest a lot of the “does this count?” queries that a reader might have when giving the shopping list a once-over.
He also covers practical considerations such as kitchen equipment that’s worth investing in if you don’t already have it, and an “unprocessed pantry” shopping list.
The recipes (yes, there are recipes, nearly a hundred of them) are not plant-based by default, but there is a section of vegan and vegetarian recipes. Given that the theme of the book is replacing ultra-processed foods, it doesn’t mean a life of abstemiousness—there are recipes for all manner of things from hot sauce to cakes. Just, healthier unprocessed ones! There are classically healthy recipes too, of course.
Bottom line: if you’ve been wishing for a while that you could get rid of those processed products that are just so convenient that you haven’t got around to replacing them with healthier options, this book can indeed help you do just that.
Click here to check out Unprocess Your Life, and unprocess your life!
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Why Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Is More Likely Than You Think
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): More Likely Than You Think
COPD is not so much one disease, as rather a collection of similar (and often overlapping) diseases. The main defining characteristic is that they are progressive lung diseases. Historically the most common have been chronic bronchitis and emphysema, though Long COVID and related Post-COVID conditions appear to have been making inroads.
Lung cancer is generally considered separately, despite being a progressive lung disease, but there is crossover too:
COPD prevalence is increased in lung cancer, independent of age, sex and smoking history
COPD can be quite serious:
“But I don’t smoke”
Great! In fact we imagine our readership probably has disproportionately few smokers compared to the general population, being as we all are interested in our health.
But, it’s estimated that 30,000,000 Americans have COPD, and approximately half don’t know it. Bear in mind, the population of the US is a little over 340,000,000, so that’s a little under 9% of the population.
Click here to see a state-by-state breakdown (how does your state measure up?)
How would I know if I have it?
It typically starts like any mild respiratory illness. Likely shortness of breath, especially after exercise, a mild cough, and a frequent need to clear your throat.
Then it will get worse, as the lungs become more damaged; each of those symptoms might become stronger, as well as chest tightness and a general lack of energy.
Later stages, you guessed it, the same but worse, and—tellingly—weight loss.
The reason for the weight loss is because you are getting less oxygen per breath, making carrying your body around harder work, meaning you burn more calories.
What causes it?
Lots of things, with smoking being up at the top, or being exposed to a lot of second-hand smoke. Working in an environment with a lot of air pollution (for example, working around chemical fumes) can cause it, as can inhaling dust. New Yorkers: yes, that dust too. It can also develop from other respiratory illnesses, and some people even have a genetic predisposition to it:
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a commonly overlooked cause of lung disease
Is it treatable?
Treatment varies depending on what form of it you have, and most of the medical interventions are beyond the scope of this article. Suffice it to say, there are medications that can be taken (including bronchodilators taken via an inhaler device), corticosteroids, antibiotics and antivirals of various kinds if appropriate. This is definitely a “see your doctor” item though, because there are is far too much individual variation for us to usefully advise here.
However!
There are habits we can do to a) make COPD less likely and b) make COPD at least a little less bad if we get it.
Avoiding COPD:
- Don’t smoke. Just don’t.
- Avoid second-hand smoke if you can
- Avoid inhaling other chemicals/dust that may be harmful
- Breathe through your nose, not your mouth; it filters the air in a whole bunch of ways
- Seriously, we know it seems like nostril hairs surely can’t do much against tiny particles, but tiny particles are attracted to them and get stuck in mucous and dealt with by our immune system, so it really does make a big difference
Managing COPD:
- Continue the above things, of course
- Exercise regularly, even just light walking helps; we realize it will be difficult
- Maintain a healthy weight if you can
- This means both ways; COPD causes weight loss and that needs to be held in check. But similarly, you don’t want to be carrying excessive weight either; that will tire you even more.
- Look after the rest of your health; everything else will now hit you harder, so even small things need to be taken seriously
- If you can, get someone to help / do your household cleaning for you, ideally while you are not in the room.
Where can I get more help/advice?
As ever, speak to your doctor if you are concerned this may be affecting you. You can also find a lot of resources via the COPD Foundation’s website.
Take care of yourself!
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- Don’t smoke. Just don’t.
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Stop Using The Wrong Hairbrush For Your Hair Type
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When you brush your hair, you’re either making it healthier or damaging it, depending on what you’re using and how. To avoid pulling your hair out, and to enjoy healthy hair of whatever kind you have and whatever length suits you, it pays to know a little about different brushes, and the different techniques involved.
Head-to-head
Brush shapes and sizes are designed to achieve different effects in hair, not just for decoration. For example:
- Rat tail combs are excellent for parting and sectioning hair with clean lines. The rat tail part is actually more important than the comb part.
- Regular combs are multipurpose but best for use with flat irons, ensuring straighter hair for a longer time.
- Wide-tooth combs should not be used for detangling as they can cause breakage; instead, use a proper detangling brush. Speaking of detangling…
- Detangling brushes are essential for daily use. Whichever you use, start brushing from the bottom to prevent tangles from stacking and worsening. As for kinds of detangling brush:
- The “Tangle Teaser” is a good beginner option, but it may not detangle well for thicker hair.
- Wet Brush (this is a brand name, and is not about any inherent wetness) is the recommended detangling brush for most people. It can be used on wet or dry hair.
- Mason Pearson brush is a luxury detangling brush (see it here on Amazon) that works slightly more quickly and efficiently, but is expensive and not necessary for most people.
- Teasing brushes are for adding volume by backcombing—but require skill to prevent visible tangles. Best avoided for most people.
- Ceramic round brushes are the best for blow-drying, because they hold tension and help hair dry smoother and shinier.
- Blow-dryer brushes are great for easy blow-drying but should not be used on dry hair, to avoid damage.
- Denman brushes are for people with natural curls, enhancing curls without straightening them like a Wet brush would.
For more on all of these brushes, plus visual demonstrations, enjoy:
Click Here If The Embedded Video Doesn’t Load Automatically!
Want to learn more?
You might also like to read:
Take care!
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The Dangers Of Fires, Floods, & Having Your Hair Washed
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It’s a dangerous business, going out of your door… And this week’s news round-up looks at 5 reasons why that might be:
Superspreading like wildfire
Environmental health risks are a big topic these days, with our changing climate. As for wildfires? Some of the risks are obvious: burning to death or choking to death in the smoke—but even upon surviving the seemingly worst, more threats remain that themselves can still kill.
Those threats include that both burns and smoke inhalation can cause acute and chronic changes in the immune system. Specifically: changes for the worse. The mechanisms by which this happens depend on the nature of any burns received, and in the case of smoke, what exactly was in the smoke. Now, there is no kind of smoke that is healthy to inhale, but definitely some kinds are a lot worse than others, and let’s just say, people’s homes contain a lot of plastic.
Additionally, if you think someone coughing near you spreads germs, imagine how far germs can be spread by miles-high, miles-wide billowing hot air.
In short, there’s a lot going on and none of it is good, and we’ve barely had room to summarise here, so…
Read in full: Wildfires ignite infection risks by weakening the body’s immune defenses and spreading bugs in smoke
Related: What’s Lurking In Your Household Air?
A flood of diseases
*record scratch*
Environmental health risks are a big topic these days, with our changing climate. As for floods? Some of the risks are obvious: drowning to death or having your house washed away—but even upon surviving the seemingly worst, more threats remain that themselves can still kill.
Those threats include increases in deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases, and respiratory diseases in general. Simply, a place that has been waterlogged, even if it seems “safe” now, is not a healthy place to be, due to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and more. In fact, it even increases all-cause mortality, because being healthy in such a place is simply harder:
Read in full: Linked to higher mortality rates, large floods emerge as an urgent public health concern
Related: Dodging Dengue In The US
Don’t lose your head
Visiting the hairdresser is not something that most people consider a potential brush with death—your hairdresser is probably not Sweeney Todd, after all. However…
There is an issue specifically with getting your hair washed there. Backwash basins—the sink things into which one rests one’s head at a backwards tilt—create an awkward angle for the cervical vertebrae and a sudden reduction in blood flow to the brain can cause a stroke, with the risk being sufficiently notable as to have its own name in scientific literature: beauty parlor stroke syndrome (BPSS).
❝While research suggests BPSS is most likely to occur in women over 50—and previous history of narrowing or thinning of blood vessels and arthritis of the spinal column in the neck are particular risk factors—it could happen to anyone regardless of age or medical history.❞
Read in full: The hidden health risk of having your hair washed
Related: Your Stroke Survival Plan
The smartwatch wristbands that give you cancer
It’s about the PFAS content. The article doesn’t discuss cancer in detail, just mentioning the increased risk, but you can read about the link between the two in our article below.
Basically, if your smartwatch wristband is a) not silicone and b) waterproof anyway, especially if it’s stain-resistant (as most are designed to be, what with wearing it next to one’s skin all the time while exercising, and not being the sort of thing one throws in the wash), then chances are it has PFAS levels much higher than normally found in consumer goods or clothing.
You can read more about how to identify the risks, here:
Read in full: Smartwatch bands can contain high levels of toxic PFAS, study finds
Related: PFAS Exposure & Cancer: The Numbers Are High
The cows giving milk with a little extra
Bird flu (HPAI) is now not the only flu epidemic amongst cattle in the US, and not only that, but rather than “merely” colonizing the lungs and upper respiratory tracts, in this case the virus (IAV) is thriving in the mammary glands, meaning that yes, it gets dispensed into the milk, and so far scientists are simply scrambling to find better ways to vaccinate the cattle, in the hopes that the milk will not be so risky because yes, it is currently a “reservoir and transmission vector” for the virus.
There are, however, barriers to creating those vaccines:
Read in full: Unexpected viral reservoir: influenza A thrives in cattle mammary glands
Related: Cows’ Milk, Bird Flu, & You
Take care!
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Apple vs Lime – Which is Healthier?
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Our Verdict
When comparing apples to limes, we picked the limes.
Why?
This one was quite straightforward:
In terms of macros, apples have slightly more carbs while limes have slightly more fiber and protein. The differences are so tiny, however, that while it’s a nominal win for limes, we think it’s fairest to consider this round a tie, for practical purposes.
In the category of vitamins, apples have more of vitamins A, B2, and K, while limes have more of vitamins B1, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, C, E and choline. A clear win for limes.
When it comes to minerals, apples have more manganese, while limes have more calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, and zinc. Another easy win for limes.
Adding up the sections makes for a clear overall win for limes, but by all means enjoy either or both; diversity is good!
Want to learn more?
You might like:
From Apples to Bees, and High-Fructose Cs: Which Sugars Are Healthier, And Which Are Just The Same?
Enjoy!
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Are You Getting The Right Kinds Of Flavonoids?
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First, a quick note on terms:
- Polyphenol: often simplified to “beneficial phytochemical”, but that’s misleading as there are many beneficial phytochemicals (naturally-occurring chemicals in plants) that do not meet the definition of “polyphenol”, which is very specifically: a compound containing more than one phenolic hydroxyl group
- Flavonoid: a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in many plants, named for its association with yellow pigment (although the end result in appearance might not be yellow, depending on what else is present, but it’s present in the mix biochemically!). Flavonoids can also be further subcategorized into:
- Anthocyanidins
- Anthoxanthins
- Flavanones
- Flavanonols
- Flavans
- Isoflavonoids
- Flavonoid: a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites found in many plants, named for its association with yellow pigment (although the end result in appearance might not be yellow, depending on what else is present, but it’s present in the mix biochemically!). Flavonoids can also be further subcategorized into:
…which can each be subcategorized further, but if we continue expanding the tree of possibilities each time, this page is going to get very long, so we’ll call it sufficient there for now!
However, this subcategorization isn’t only important to biologists who get excited about taxonomy; it has important health implications too.
For example, let’s remember when we wrote about how you can Fight Inflammation & Protect Your Brain, With Quercetin ← Quercetin is a flavonol (which, in turn, is a kind of anthoxanthin)!
Well, not really!
By this we mean it’s not one flavonol, but rather a stack of flavonols in a trenchcoat, and by “trenchcoat” we mean a vegetable or something.
In fact, in today’s “This or That” article, we mentioned that one of the items compared has “more polyphenols (most notably a wide range of flavonoids including multiple anthocyanins, luteolin, and 6 different kinds of quercetin)”. Because we’ve a little more room here and we’re writing about flavonoids, we’ll mention that the data we were looking at, looked like this:
- Flavonoids
- Anthocyanins
- Cyanidin 3-O-(6”-malonyl-glucoside)
- Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
- Flavones
- Luteolin 7-O-glucuronide
- Flavonols
- Quercetin 3-O-(6″-malonyl-glucoside)
- Quercetin 3-O-(6″-malonyl-glucoside) 7-O-glucoside
- Quercetin 3-O-galactoside
- Quercetin 3-O-glucoside
- Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide
- Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside
- Anthocyanins
…along with a lot of additional data that we won’t bore you with here, pertaining to mg/100g values, minimums and maximums, standard deviations, studies done, etc. The data table fills the screen and more.
So you see, even following the tree of possibilities down as far as quercetin yields 9 flavonoids including 6 kinds of quercetin present in that plant alone, and that’s a fairly modest list.
Why this matters for your health
Scientists (Dr. Alysha Thompson et al.) examined an uncontroversial topic, the connection between flavonoid intake and good health.
What was a little different from the norm, though, was that the study looked beyond flavonoid quantity, to also look at diversity of flavonoids.
They found that people who consumed a greater variety of flavonoids had much lower risks of death and major chronic diseases, independent of total quantity consumed.
This was a big (n=124,805) study, looking at UK adults aged 40+: participants were mostly women (56%), with 60% overweight or obese and 25% hypertensive.
Shocking nobody in this British population study, 67% of the total flavonoid consumption came from tea.
Which is a problem. Not because there’s anything wrong with tea (it’s a very healthful drink), but rather because very many people had it as their primary source of flavonoids, which isn’t very diverse; indeed, flavan-3-ols (mostly found in tea) made up 87% of total flavonoid intake.
Quantity vs Diversity
People who consumed the largest amounts of flavonoids (mostly from tea) often consumed the least diverse flavonoids (i.e. fewest kinds).
Which made the results all the starker, since those consuming a wider range of flavonoids got more from beneficial compounds like anthocyanins, flavanones, and proanthocyanidins—rather than just thearubigins from tea.
Notably, the people who did get more diversity of flavonoids tended to be healthier overall; they were also (as a matter of demographic information, since it’s there in the paper) more likely to be female, older, leaner, more physically active, better educated, and less likely to smoke.
This means that while previous recommendations focused on quantity (e.g. 400–600 mg/day of flavan-3-ols), this study suggests expanding to include as many different sources of flavonoids as reasonably possible.
In particular, the researches found that top-scorers for diversity of flavonoids includes berries, apples, citrus fruits, so they’re best enjoyed alongside black and green teas (which are very good), and yes, even some dark chocolate if you like.
Note that written like that, it looks like 6 different sources. But for example, how many different kinds of flavonoid does a blueberry contain?
Well, we can’t give an exhaustive list because each one has to be tested for individually, but we can say that a partial list of different kinds of flavonoids contained in a blueberry looks like this:
- Cyanidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-galactoside)
- Cyanidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-glucoside)
- Cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside
- Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside
- Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
- Delphinidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-galactoside)
- Delphinidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-glucoside)
- Delphinidin 3-O-arabinoside
- Delphinidin 3-O-galactoside
- Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside
- Malvidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-galactoside)
- Malvidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-glucoside)
- Malvidin 3-O-arabinoside
- Malvidin 3-O-galactoside
- Malvidin 3-O-glucoside
- Peonidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-galactoside)
- Peonidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-glucoside)
- Peonidin 3-O-arabinoside
- Peonidin 3-O-galactoside
- Peonidin 3-O-glucoside
- Petunidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-galactoside)
- Petunidin 3-O-(6”-acetyl-glucoside)
- Petunidin 3-O-arabinoside
- Petunidin 3-O-galactoside
- Petunidin 3-O-glucoside
- (-)-Epicatechin
- Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside
- Myricetin 3-O-arabinoside
- Myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside
- Quercetin 3-O-acetyl-rhamnoside
- Quercetin 3-O-arabinoside
- Quercetin 3-O-galactoside
- Quercetin 3-O-glucoside
- Quercetin 3-O-xyloside
And there are plenty of other polyphenols in a blueberry too; that’s just the flavonoids, and not even an exhaustive list of those!
So, all this to say, diversity can be found easily, if you know where to look 😎
You can read the paper in full, here: High diversity of dietary flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and major chronic diseases
In summary…
The trick to getting the most health benefits out of flavonoids is not focusing on total quantity, but on diversity.
Want to learn more?
Check out:
- 21 Most Beneficial Polyphenols & What Foods Have Them ← including 9 different first-order categories of flavonoid, e.g. quercetin, kaempferol, etc, along with links to wherever we’ve done spotlight main features on each of them
- Which Tea Is Best, By Science? ← we compare and contrast the phytochemical properties of black, white, green, and red teas.
- Enjoy Bitter Foods For Your Heart & Brain ← it’s about the polyphenols, of which, mostly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins
- And of course, for polyphenol diversity and more: What’s Your Plant Diversity Score?
Alternatively, for a middle-ground approach of targeting 16 most polyphenol delivering foods, see this super-dense arrangement:
Mediterranean Diet… In A Pill? ← it’s about plant extracts from 16 specific foods, and the polyphenols they deliver
Enjoy!
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- Polyphenol: often simplified to “beneficial phytochemical”, but that’s misleading as there are many beneficial phytochemicals (naturally-occurring chemicals in plants) that do not meet the definition of “polyphenol”, which is very specifically: a compound containing more than one phenolic hydroxyl group
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Stuck in fight-or-flight mode? 5 ways to complete the ‘stress cycle’ and avoid burnout or depression
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Can you remember a time when you felt stressed leading up to a big life event and then afterwards felt like a weight had been lifted? This process – the ramping up of the stress response and then feeling this settle back down – shows completion of the “stress cycle”.
Some stress in daily life is unavoidable. But remaining stressed is unhealthy. Chronic stress increases chronic health conditions, including heart disease and stroke and diabetes. It can also lead to burnout or depression.
Exercise, cognitive, creative, social and self-soothing activities help us process stress in healthier ways and complete the stress cycle.
What does the stress cycle look like?
Scientists and researchers refer to the “stress response”, often with a focus on the fight-or-flight reactions. The phrase the “stress cycle” has been made popular by self-help experts but it does have a scientific basis.
The stress cycle is our body’s response to a stressful event, whether real or perceived, physical or psychological. It could be being chased by a vicious dog, an upcoming exam or a difficult conversation.
The stress cycle has three stages:
- stage 1 is perceiving the threat
- stage 2 is the fight-or-flight response, driven by our stress hormones: adrenaline and cortisol
- stage 3 is relief, including physiological and psychological relief. This completes the stress cycle.
Different people will respond to stress differently based on their life experiences and genetics.
Unfortunately, many people experience multiple and ongoing stressors out of their control, including the cost-of-living crisis, extreme weather events and domestic violence.
Remaining in stage 2 (the flight-or-flight response), can lead to chronic stress. Chronic stress and high cortisol can increase inflammation, which damages our brain and other organs.
When you are stuck in chronic fight-or-flight mode, you don’t think clearly and are more easily distracted. Activities that provide temporary pleasure, such as eating junk food or drinking alcohol are unhelpful strategies that do not reduce the stress effects on our brain and body. Scrolling through social media is also not an effective way to complete the stress cycle. In fact, this is associated with an increased stress response.
Stress and the brain
In the brain, chronic high cortisol can shrink the hippocampus. This can impair a person’s memory and their capacity to think and concentrate.
Chronic high cortisol also reduces activity in the prefrontal cortex but increases activity in the amygdala.
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for higher-order control of our thoughts, behaviours and emotions, and is goal-directed and rational. The amygdala is involved in reflexive and emotional responses. Higher amygdala activity and lower prefrontal cortex activity explains why we are less rational and more emotional and reactive when we are stressed.
There are five types of activities that can help our brains complete the stress cycle. https://www.youtube.com/embed/eD1wliuHxHI?wmode=transparent&start=0 It can help to understand how the brain encounters stress.
1. Exercise – its own complete stress cycle
When we exercise we get a short-term spike in cortisol, followed by a healthy reduction in cortisol and adrenaline.
Exercise also increases endorphins and serotonin, which improve mood. Endorphins cause an elated feeling often called “runner’s high” and have anti-inflammatory effects.
When you exercise, there is more blood flow to the brain and higher activity in the prefrontal cortex. This is why you can often think more clearly after a walk or run. Exercise can be a helpful way to relieve feelings of stress.
Exercise can also increase the volume of the hippocampus. This is linked to better short-term and long-term memory processing, as well as reduced stress, depression and anxiety.
2. Cognitive activities – reduce negative thinking
Overly negative thinking can trigger or extend the stress response. In our 2019 research, we found the relationship between stress and cortisol was stronger in people with more negative thinking.
Higher amygdala activity and less rational thinking when you are stressed can lead to distorted thinking such as focusing on negatives and rigid “black-and-white” thinking.
Activities to reduce negative thinking and promote a more realistic view can reduce the stress response. In clinical settings this is usually called cognitive behaviour therapy.
At home, this could be journalling or writing down worries. This engages the logical and rational parts of our brain and helps us think more realistically. Finding evidence to challenge negative thoughts (“I’ve prepared well for the exam, so I can do my best”) can help to complete the stress cycle.
Journalling could help process stressful events and complete the stress cycle. Shutterstock/Fellers Photography 3. Getting creative – a pathway out of ‘flight or fight’
Creative activities can be art, craft, gardening, cooking or other activities such as doing a puzzle, juggling, music, theatre, dancing or simply being absorbed in enjoyable work.
Such pursuits increase prefrontal cortex activity and promote flow and focus.
Flow is a state of full engagement in an activity you enjoy. It lowers high-stress levels of noradrenaline, the brain’s adrenaline. When you are focussed like this, the brain only processes information relevant to the task and ignores non-relevant information, including stresses.
4. Getting social and releasing feel-good hormones
Talking with someone else, physical affection with a person or pet and laughing can all increase oxytocin. This is a chemical messenger in the brain that increases social bonding and makes us feel connected and safe.
Laughing is also a social activity that activates parts of the limbic system – the part of the brain involved in emotional and behavioural responses. This increases endorphins and serotonin and improves our mood.
5. Self-soothing
Breathing exercises and meditation stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system (which calms down our stress responses so we can “reset”) via the vagus nerves, and reduce cortisol.
A good cry can help too by releasing stress energy and increasing oxytocin and endorphins.
Emotional tears also remove cortisol and the hormone prolactin from the body. Our prior research showed cortisol and prolactin were associated with depression, anxiety and hostility.
Getting moving can help with stress and its effects on the brain. Shutterstock/Jaromir Chalabala Action beats distraction
Whether it’s watching a funny or sad movie, exercising, journalling, gardening or doing a puzzle, there is science behind why you should complete the stress cycle.
Doing at least one positive activity every day can also reduce our baseline stress level and is beneficial for good mental health and wellbeing.
Importantly, chronic stress and burnout can also indicate the need for change, such as in our workplaces. However, not all stressful circumstances can be easily changed. Remember help is always available.
If you have concerns about your stress or health, please talk to a doctor.
If this article has raised issues for you, or if you’re concerned about someone you know, call Lifeline on 13 11 14 or Kids Helpline on 1800 55 1800.
Theresa Larkin, Associate professor of Medical Sciences, University of Wollongong and Susan J. Thomas, Associate professor in Mental Health and Behavioural Science, University of Wollongong
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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